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151	Natural resources management	ABS-173
Arduino-Based Automated System for Ammonia Neutralization in Poultry Waste Management Imron Ridzki, Asfari Hariz Santoso, Chandra Wiharya, Tresna Umar Syamsuri, Aly Imron, Muhammad Fahmi Hakim, Malik Bin Dinar, Mohamad Hilda Saputra Politeknik Negeri Malang Abstract This research addressed the problem of ammonia pollution resulting from chicken farm waste, which posed significant health risks to both livestock and nearby communities. The primary purpose of the study was to develop a smart system prototype designed to manage chicken manure more effectively by eliminating ammonia odor and improving manure production. The method involved designing and developing an automated chemical spraying system based on Arduino, incorporating key components such as LDR sensors, AC and DC motors, solenoid valves, and conveyor belts. The findings revealed that the developed system successfully detected chicken manure automatically and applied the chemicals evenly, proving to be more effective than traditional manual methods. The results indicated a significant reduction in ammonia odor and an enhancement in manure quality. The implications of this research suggest that the introduction of automated technology in farm waste management can improve environmental quality and the health of communities surrounding chicken farms. Additionally, the use of this technology has the potential to increase farm productivity through better waste management and the production of higher-quality manure. Keywords: ammonia pollution, chicken farm waste, smart system, automated spraying, Arduino Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Fahmi Hakim)

152	Natural resources management	ABS-207
Design of Handicraft Products of Rattan Bags as Accentuation Using Ergo-Aesthetic Model Dwi Cahyadi (a*,b), Siti Haida Ismail (a), Mohd Yusof MD Daud (a), Roslina Mohammad (a), and Muh Irwan (c) a) Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. b)Department of Design, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Samarinda, Indonesia. *dwicahyadi[at]polnes.ac.id. c)Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, Samarinda, Indonesia Abstract Indonesia is a producer of rattan as much as 70-80% in the world and one of the uses of this non-timber forest product is rattan bag handicraft products. Rattan products have existed since ancient times as functional products where game products are stored or for gardening. The increasing interest of young people in handicraft products makes the handicraft industry must follow the trend and function of rattan bags as a fashion product today. This research aims to develop bag handicraft products from rattan materials using the Vinod Goel design method combined with ergo-aesthetic model analysis. The result of this design is a women^s bag product made of rattan as an accent with a combination of wood, cowhide, and doyo weaving. The products produced follow the ergo-aesthetic model, which is a product that is comfortable to use and has an element of beauty from the use of a combination of natural ingredients. The contribution of this research is to provide recommendations to the rattan bag handicraft industry to innovate products by applying an ergo-aesthetic model in developing rattan bag products that are worthy of being used as today^s fashion products. Keywords: Rattan bags-Handicraft- ergo-aesthetic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Cahyadi)

153	Natural resources management	ABS-209
Does Digital Accounting Affect Company Performance? Amiril Azizah1*, Zainal Arifin2, Karyo Budi Utomo3 Polytechnic State of Samarinda Abstract This research aims to analyze the influence of digital accounting and tax payments on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) performance. In the era of digitalization, the use of digital accounting systems and efficient tax payment management are considered important factors that can influence the performance of MSMEs. This research uses a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression design to test hypotheses regarding the influence of the two independent variables on the performance of MSMEs. Using a standardized questionnaire, data was collected from 250 respondents who were owners or managers of MSMEs in Samarinda. Data analysis was carried out using statistical software, focusing on regression coefficients, p values, and related statistics to determine the significance of the influence of digital accounting and tax payments on MSME performance. The research results show that digital accounting has a positive and significant influence on the performance of MSMEs, with a beta coefficient of 0.404 and a p value <0.001. This indicates that better implementation of digital accounting can improve the operational efficiency and effectiveness of MSMEs. Keywords: Digital Accounting, Tax Payments, MSME Performance Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (amiril azizah)

154	Natural resources management	ABS-210
Decoding iPhone Purchases: The Role of Brand Traits and Lifestyle in Shaping Consumer Attitudes and Intentions Ahyar Muhammad Diah1, Amiril Azizah2*, Diah Ameliah Khaerunnisa3, Christie Stephanie Piar4, Della Olivia Caterina Kalangit5, Polytechnic State of Samarinda Abstract This study aims to examine and validate how Brand Personality, Brand Prestige, Brand Credibility, Brand Authenticity, and Lifestyle affect Purchase Decisions among iPhone users in Indonesia, mediated by Attitude and Intention. The research involved surveying 216 iPhone users in Indonesia. Responses were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS version 23 software. The study included validity and reliability tests, as well as tests for linearity, normality, and multicollinearity. Estimation and structural model fit tests were also conducted. The findings show that Brand Personality positively affects Attitude and Intention- Brand Prestige and Brand Credibility positively affect Attitude- Brand Authenticity and Lifestyle do not positively affect Attitude- Brand Prestige, Brand Credibility, and Lifestyle do not positively affect Intention- Brand Authenticity positively affects Intention- Attitude positively affects Intention and Purchase Decision- and Intention positively affects Purchase Decision. Keywords: Brand Personality, Brand Prestige, Brand Credibility, Brand Authenticity, Lifestyle, Attitude, Intention, Purchase Decision, iPhone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (amiril azizah)

155	Natural resources management	ABS-236
Creative Economic Study As A Center For Tourism Development In Banyuwangi District Ayu Purwaningtyas, Riza Rahimi Bachtiar, Reni Nurjannah Banyuwangi State Polytechnic Abstract Banyuwangi is one of the cities that is developing its tourism sector. According to the 2020-2024 National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for Tourism, Banyuwangi was chosen as the focus of studies in the tourism sector and has become a leading sector capable of driving the community^s economy, from tourism entrepreneurs, Pokdarwis, Bumdes to UMKM. The increase in the number of tourist visits in Banyuwangi has an impact on the emergence of various offers or demands for facilities, services available and products produced. This research aims to. to map creative economy sub-sectors and tourism potential, identify clusters and analyze the creative economy tourism chain to obtain a creative tourism development strategy in Banyuwangi, especially in Blimbingsari District. The research method used uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the Miles and Huberman model. Drawing conclusions is assisted by NVivo software. The research results show that there are 7 creative sub-economies that can be developed to support tourism activities and are included in the cluster 2 category. Keywords: Blimbingsari- creative economics- something to buy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ayu Purwaningtyas)

156	Natural resources management	ABS-255
The effect of using embankments and stepped seawall as alternatives to reduce overtopping at Selatbaru Beach Bengkalis District Zulkarnain, Oni Febriani, Lizar POLITEKNIK NEGERI BENGKALIS Abstract Located in Selatbaru Village, about 25 km from the center of Bengkalis City, Selatbaru beach has become a favorite destination for tourists who want to enjoy the beauty of nature while engaging in outdoor activities. The current situation is during high tide and strong winds, waves run up the top of the seawall, causing seawater to surge onto the land. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an analysis and simulation of the actual conditions using a prototype in the laboratory to determine whether adding an embankment would be sufficient the issue or whether an alternative, such as changing the slope of the seawall and adding an embankment, would be better. This way, the most effective method can be identified among these three alternatives. This research will conduct experiments by creating a prototype based on field survey data and laboratory scale, including the seawall dimensions, water level, and wave height, with a scale ratio of 1:10. The experimental scenarios to be conducted in the laboratory a. Existing seawall slope of 1:3 with the addition of embankment, b. Changing the seawall slope to 1:5, and c. Changing the seawall slope to 1:5 with the addition of embankment. The irregular wave height to be simulated in the laboratory is 0.8 meters. The experiment will be conducted for 3 minutes to observe the response of the seawall structure to incoming waves and the overtopping occurring on the seawall structure. The results shows that the alternative of adding an embankment and using a 1:3 seawall slope, as per field conditions, has already been able to reduce overtopping. Therefore, the second and third alternatives do not need to be implemented, as the first alternative has already reduced overtopping by 40 percent. Thus, the first alternative, which involves adding embankment without changing the slope of the structure, is already sufficient to mitigate the impact of overtopping. Keywords: stepped seawall-waves run up- overtopping-embankments Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ZULKARNAIN ZULKARNAIN)

157	Renewable energy	ABS-262
Analyzing the Lower Heating Value (LHV) in Urban Waste Management: Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Urban Areas Tatun Hayatun Nufus, Noor Hidayati, Arifia Ekayuliana, Dianta Mustofa kamal, Dimas Saputra Teknik Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Depok, 16425, Indonesia Abstract Urban waste management presents a significant challenge for densely populated urban environments, particularly in efforts to mitigate environmental impact and maximize energy recovery from waste. This article provides an analysis of the Lower Heating Value (LHV) as a key indicator in assessing the energy potential of urban waste. The research was conducted by testing waste samples prior to entering the main waste processing facility at the Bantar Gebang Waste-to-Energy Plant. The samples were analyzed using proximate and ultimate methods to measure chemical composition and calorific value. The results indicate that the waste treatment process significantly influences LHV. Waste that has undergone several treatment processes or that has been mixed with paper currency exhibited the highest LHV of 2396.8 kcal/kg with an ash content of 0.2743%. Thus, this study offers critical insights for designing more efficient and sustainable urban waste management strategies, as well as maximizing the energy potential of generated waste. Keywords: Lower Heating Value (LHV), urban waste, proximate,ultimate Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Noor Hidayati)

158	Renewable energy	ABS-263
The Relation Between Chemical Composition, Energy Performance, and Environmental Impact with Biofuels Produced from Palm Kernel Shells Tatun Hayatun Nufus, Arifia Ekayuliana, Noor Hidayati, Dianta Mustofa Kamal, Seto Tjahyono Teknik Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Depok, 16425, Indonesia Abstract Biofuels as an alternative renewable energy are increasingly important in efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the environmental impact of carbon emissions. This article discusses a comparison of the quality of biofuel produced from the pyrolysis of palm oil shells and municipal waste with a focus on analysis of chemical composition, energy performance and environmental impact. This analysis aims to provide in-depth insight into the efficiency and sustainability of this type of biofuel. The method used in this research process is the pyrolysis method, namely providing a certain amount of heat to the pyrolysis reactor from palm oil shells are 200 oC, 250 oC, 300 oC which produces bio oil products. Then the bio oil is tested to determine the results of the chemical compounds contained in the bio oil and several energy parameter tests such as heating value, viscosity, density and bio oil yield. In the bio oil produced, we carry out a combustion process in order to obtain exhaust gas emissions, namely carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide. The conclusion from the series of test results for bio oil products is that pyrolysis at a temperature of 250 oC produces chemical composition results among them carbon 75.4%, hydrogen 4.32%, Oxygen 20.24%, Nitrogen 0.90%, Sulfur 0.17%. For Energy Parameters like Caloric Value 28.34 MJ/Kg, Density 1018 kg/m3, Viscosity 3.15 cp, Yield bio oil 30%. Then for the exhaust gas emissions CO2 28.34%, CO 39%, NOx 4.15%, SO2 0.018%. Keywords: palm oil shells, chemical composition, energy parameters, exhaust gas emissions Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arifia Ekayuliana)

159	Renewable energy	ABS-27
Conceptual Design of Nata de Coco Production Device for Unused Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera) Integrated with Solar Photovoltaic System Stieven N. Rumokoy1,a) Maureen Langie1,b) Arnold R. Rondonuwu1,c) Herotje Siwi2,d) Adriyan Warokka2,e) Karlah Lifie R. Mansauda3,f) 1Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Manado, Jalan Raya Kampus Politeknik, Buha, Manado 95254, Indonesia. 2Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Manado, Jalan Raya Kampus Politeknik, Buha, Manado 95254, Indonesia. 3Pharmacy, Sam Ratulangi University, Jalan Kampus Unsrat Kleak, Manado 95115, Indonesia. Abstract In traditional coconut processing for copra by farmers, coconut water is often deemed as waste and discarded. However, coconut water can be processed into a valuable product, such as nata de coco, which offers an alternative source of income for coconut farmers due to its economic value. This study aims to tackle the challenge of managing coconut water waste by developing an integrated Biotechnology Device with a PV Solar Power System that efficiently produces nata de coco. The research background underscores the difficulties in managing coconut water waste and the untapped potential of PV Solar Power Systems in this regard. The research methodology commences with a literature review to identify initial requirements and challenges in developing a nata de coco production device and conceptualizing its control system. Subsequently, the study employs a descriptive approach through interviews to comprehend the characteristics of raw materials for nata de coco and to tailor them to the envisioned system. The outcome of this research is a conceptual design of a nata de coco production device, featuring two distinct control systems: Raw Material Processing and Fermentation Incubation. Keywords: Solar Power System, Renewable energy, Biotechnology Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Stieven Netanel Rumokoy)

160	Renewable energy	ABS-32
Effect of Electrolyte Variations on Physical and Electrical Properties Supercapacitor Electrodes from Theobroma cacao Activated Carbon Eka Sunitra, Exaudi Pratama Rajagukguk, Rakiman, Muldarisnur, Yuli Yetri Politeknik Negeri Padang Abstract The use of Theobroma cacao shell biomass waste as a base material for supercapacitor carbon electrodes with variations in electrolytes with a chemical activator of 0.4M KOH has been successfully carried out. The process of making activated carbon starts from collecting cocoa pod shells which will be used as sample material. Then the skin is sliced, dried in the sun to dry, pre-carbonized, ground into carbon particles using a mortar and ball milling, then the particle size is uniformed using a sieve. The powder particles obtained are then chemically activated with 0.4M KOH, then molded into carbon monolith coins and finished with integrated pyrolysis. Coin samples were subjected to one-stage integrated pyrolysis with carbonization from room temperature to 600&#730- C in an N2 gas environment. Then proceed with physical activation up to a temperature of 700&#730- C in a CO2 gas environment. Testing of the physical and electrical properties of carbon electrodes was carried out with a variety of electrolytes, namely: H2SO4, KOH, and Na2SO4 at the same concentration of 1M. Characterization was carried out using the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD) methods. The results obtained show that the sample immersed in H2SO4 electrolyte has the highest specific capacitance, namely 412.94 F/g at a current of 1 A/g. Based on the results of this research, it is confirmed that activated carbon from cocoa pods has the potential to be used as a source of basic material for electrodes with the H2SO4 electrolyte as a charge carrier source in supercapacitor cell devices. Keywords: Electrodes, Theobroma cacao, Biomass, Capacitance, Supercapacitors Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yuli Yetri)

161	Renewable energy	ABS-64
Organic Working Fluid Based Binary Cycle Design for Sustainable Geothermal Power Generation Deny Ismail Pellu (a*), Nanse Henny Pattiasina (b), Valentyn B. Hattu (c), Hardi Maifra Kurniadi (d) a) b) c) Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ambon Ambon, Indonesia *denypellu21[at]gmail.com d) Master of Petroleum Engineering, Universitas Trisakti Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that is sustainable and environmentally friendly to meet the increasing need for electrical energy. This research aims to conduct a technical analysis of geothermal energy utilization in Tulehu using binary cycle technology. Binary cycle technology was chosen because Tulehu geothermal fluid production has low temperatures and little steam so it cannot use conventional PLTP. This research uses a quantitative approach and utilizes Aspen HYSYS thermodynamic simulation software to analyze binary cycles using i-pentane, i-butane, and n-butane working fluids. The research results show that the net power value produced by each working fluid is- 2,225.43 kW, 1,426.36 kW, and 1,756.93 kW. Keywords: Geothermal energy, PLTP Tulehu, binary cycle, renewable energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Deny Ismail Pellu)

162	Renewable energy	ABS-65
ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY CHARGING STATION WITHIN GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM- DESIGN AND SIMULATION NELLY SAFITRI1*, SUPRIHARDI1, RUDI SYAHPUTRA1, DHARMA ARYANI2, AHMAD RIZAL SULTAN2, AJENG BENING KUSUMANINGTYAS3, NUHA NADHIROH3 1ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, POLITEKNIK NEGERI LHOKSEUMAWE, ACEH, INDONESIA 2ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, POLITEKNIK NEGERI UJUNG PANDANG, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA 3ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, POLITEKNIK NEGERI JAKARTA, JAKARTA, INDONESIA Abstract This paper aims to investigate the synergy between electric vehicle (EV) charging and photovoltaic (PV) power generation with the application of EV smart charging scenario and voltage-to-grid (V2G) scheme. The investigation was carried out through a proposed electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) model to see its performance, optimization, and efficiency which leads to reduced power losses, improved PV self-consumption, and lowered customer costs by its integration into the PV system. The proposed EVCS model is configured as a centralized charging station, which includes two types of battery charging: slow and fast, and has two levels of charging voltage options, 48V and 60V within the 2.5kW-capacity PV system. The simulation of the model runs on the Simulink MATLAB platform. As the battery charging and discharging process runs, the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) method using two fuzzy logics to mitigate the voltage, current, and state of charge (SoC) of the EVs^ battery is implemented. This method also maximizes the charging power in a short period and prevents overcharging the battery. The first and second fuzzy logic controls are used to adjust the duty cycle so that both the current and voltage can be constant. In the V2G scheme, EVs can charge, discharge, and serve as energy storage for the grid. Furthermore, the smart charging scenario is used to improve the coordination of EVs, local generation, and other loads. Implementing a certain control mechanism allows EVs to charge as well when PV power generation is high but not when the load is high. Keywords: EV, PV, V2G, EVCS, CC-CV, SoC. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nelly Safitri)

163	Renewable energy	ABS-77
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF INCLINED PRISMATIC FIN INSTALLATION UNDER V-CORRUGATED ABSORBER PLATE FOR SOLAR COLLECTOR PERFORMANCE 1. Mohamad Hakam, 2. Djatmiko Ichsani, 3. Rachmad Tri Soelistijono,4 Mohammad Abu Jamiin Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya Abstract To enhance the efficiency of the solar air heater collector, this study installed an inclined prismatic fin and built an absorption area utilizing v-corrugated absorber plates. The CFD program was used in this investigation to simulate the properties of fluid flow and heat transport numerically. A fluent software with double precision and the Shear Stress Transport k-&#969- (SST-k&#969-) turbulence viscous model was used to run three-dimensional simulations to study the impact of installing fins with different fin thicknesses of 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm, and fin angles of attack of 22.5o, 45o, and 67.5o, respectively. A constant heat flux of 430 watts/m2 and an input velocity of 6.5 m/s are used to test the fin numerically. Simulation results show the optimum fin configuration was achieved by 3 mm in thickness and 67.5o angle of attack, with 9.621 K temperature difference from inlet to outlet collector, the pressure drop is 229.625 Pa, Effectiveness Ratio (ER) is 0.2499, and the highest Q-useful energy is 96.147watt. Keywords: Solar collector, V-corrugated absorber plate, ansys fluent software, inclined prismatic fin. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohamad Hakam)

164	Renewable energy	ABS-101
Methane Sulfonic Acid Influence on Membrane Electrode Assembly Preparation Using Mixture of (Sulfonated Chitosan, Carrageenan, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes, Glutaraldehyde) Injected between two Diffusion Gas Electrodes Sri Widarti1, Lina Troskialina2, Yanti Suprianti1 1 Energy conversion Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung 2 Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung Abstract To overcome the problem of environmentally unfriendly and expensive synthetic PEM in direct methanol fuel cells, PEM from natural polymers that are environmentally friendly and renewable is interesting to develop. Natural polymers that develop as PEM are carrageenan and chitosan because they can absorb water and have functional groups as a medium to transport protons from the anode to the cathode. Functional groups played as ion exchange in the membrane. To increase the ion exchange capability and hydrophilicity of the membrane, sulfonation of the functional groups on chitosan was carried out. Chitosan was sulfonated using methane sulfonic acid with concentrations of 6.9, 8.3, 9.6, 11.0, and 13.8 g/gr of polymer material. To reinforce, the mixture of sulfonated chitosan, carrageenan, and polyvinyl alcohol solution was added by MNCNTs and crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. Due to difficulty attaching the membrane between two electrodes, the research aim is developing membrane electrode assembly (MEA) methods. MEA was carried out by injecting the mixture solution of sulfonated chitosan, carrageenan, polyvinyl alcohol-MNCNTs, and glutaraldehyde between two electrode diffusion gases. So that, the crosslinking reaction occurred between two electrodes. The morphology of the anode-membrane-cathode interface was studied microscopically. The SEM image shows that the anode-membrane-cathode interface is quite tightly bonded. The MEA formed is attached to a single cell holder. The performance of a single fuel cell was carried out using 3 M methanol fuel. From the testing, it was found that the greater the concentration of methane sulfonic acid (13,8%) in the chitosan sulfonation process, the greater the OCV (602 mV), ion exchange capacity (0.0053 mek g-1), and the ability of water absorption (42%), and vice versa for methanol permeability (6.9 x 10-09 cm2s-1). Keywords: MEA, DMFC, Chitosan, Carrageenan, MWCNTs Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Widarti)

165	Renewable energy	ABS-128
A Comparative Study of the Characteristics of CaO from Sea Shells Waste (Anadara granosa) and Egg Shells Waste (Gallus SP) as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production E. Elwina (a) *, Irwan Nurdin (a) , Muhammad Yasir (a), Y. Yunardi (b) (a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia (b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia - Abstract The most commonly used catalysts in biodiesel production are homogeneous bases. However, the use of this catalyst has a disadvantage and it can not be reused. In contrast to a heterogeneous catalyst which is easier in the product purification process, they can be reused so as to minimize waste. In this study, biodiesel was made using a CaO catalyst as a heterogeneous base catalyst, CaO is synthesized from the CaCO3 calcination process. The source of CaCO3 is obtained from eggshell waste and sea shells waste. The Cao catalyst is made by calcining in a furnace at a temperature of 800 celcius degree for 6 hours, and then the calcined catalyst is used as a catalyst for biodiesel. production by the transesterification method with the ratio of reactants for 2 hours by varying concentrations of catalyst . The results show that the best analysis of the characteristics is CaO catalyst derived from eggshells waste 5 percent with a yield of 84.46 percent, the density is 0.853, water content is 0.07 percent and viscosity is 4.393. Characterized by SEM and FTIR shows the micrographs prove that the catalyst shows a bigger surface. Keywords: catalyst- seashells- eggshells- Biodiesel- heterogeneous Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elwina elwina)

166	Renewable energy	ABS-132
Experimental Study: Design of Active Cooling System with Water Spray and Air Blowing Rindi Wulandari, Galieh Ananda, M. Dimas, Taryo, M. Riyad Ariwibowo Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Abstract Renewable energy has great potential, as a substitute for fossil energy, one type of renewable energy source with great potential is solar energy panels. The efficiency of solar panels is still relatively low because solar photovoltaic is a semiconductor material whose performance is greatly influenced by temperature changes. Designing a cooling system is one solution to overcome this, an active cooling system is built to lower the temperature when there is a decrease in solar panel performance. The goal of this study is to combine water spray and air blowing as an active cooling system. The research method used is an experimental study on a 20 WP solar panel. The study outcomes show that the subsequent power efficiency reaches 17.93% higher than solar panels without cooling. The temperature reduction in the solar panel system is quite significant. Keywords: Active Cooling System, Solar Panel, Spray Water, Air Blowing, Experimental Study Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rindi Wulandari)

167	Renewable energy	ABS-134
The Effect of Fans on Heatsink Cooling Fans in Optimizing Output Power on Single Axis Solar Tracker Solar Panels Yuli Mafendro Dedet Eka Saputra1,a, Isnanda Nuriskasari2, Mochammad Tendi Noer Ramadhan3, Euis Juniar Hasanah,4 and Shofwa Annida Azzahrani5, 1,2Teknik Mesin, Jakarta State Polytechnic. Jl. Prof. G. A. Siwabessy, Kampus UI, Depok, Indonesia, 16425. 3Program Magister Teknik Rekayasa Manufaktur Terapan, Jakarta State Polytechnic. Jl. Prof. G. A. Siwabessy, Kampus UI, Depok, Indonesia, 16425. 4,5Program Sarjana Teknologi Rekayasa Konversi Energi Terapan, Jakarta State Polytechnic. Jl. Prof. G. A. Siwabessy, Kampus UI, Depok, Indonesia, 16425. Abstract Optimization of solar panel output power from the presence of a single-axis solar tracker is still not enough to maintain or increase its output power, this is due to the decrease in solar panel efficiency which is greatly influenced by various factors, especially external factors such as temperature, light intensity, and position/tilt angle. For light intensity following natural conditions so it will be rather difficult to control, the position/tilt angle of the panel has been overcome by the solar tracker, one more thing that needs to be controlled is the temperature of the solar panel. Excessive temperature increases will reduce the efficiency of the solar panel, every increase in solar panel temperature of 1C (from 25C) results in a decrease in efficiency of around 0.4%. So this basic research aims to innovate to optimize solar panels by presenting technology in the form of a heatsink cooling fan on solar panels that have been previously modified using a single-axis solar tracker. The method used is a literature study in identifying problems and basic theories needed, then assembling and experimenting with the modified solar panels, then collecting data using measuring instruments with quantitative methods, then analyzing. The results are stable conditions and not too hot ranging between 35-37C with the resulting voltage being better, ranging between 19V. This shows that modifying solar panels using heatsink cooling fans has been proven to optimize the output power of solar panels. Keywords: Heatsink cooling fan, Solar tracker, and Solar Panel. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yuli Mafendro Dedet Eka Saputra)

168	Renewable energy	ABS-135
Sizing Off-Grid PV Configurations on Electrical Performance and Electrical Energy Storage in Air Conditioning System Applications Anisa Ramadhani, Fauzan, Nadia Aulia Rahman, Paulus Sukusno, Yuli Mafendro Dedet Eka Saputra, Haolia Rahman Politeknik Negeri Jakarta Abstract The number of households using air conditioning (AC) systems in tropical climates has significantly increased in a few decades. The off-grid AC-powered solar PV becomes a new option for AC users to reduce electricity costs from existing grid sources. Therefore, optimization is required to size the supporting equipment in off-grid PV installations. This study simulates various equipment configurations such as nominal power (400 Wp, 550 Wp, 500 Wp, and 660 Wp), number of PV units (adjusted to the total load accordingly), and battery arrangement to obtain the performance ratio, losses, and battery performance for AC-powered solar PV applications. We use university classrooms equipped with two units of 1-hp split AC and other supporting typical class-electronic equipment at about 2,168 watts and 18,232 Wh of load and energy consumed per day respectively. The simulation results indicate that a configuration consisting of eight 550 Wp PV panels coupled with a 17.05 Ah Li-Ion battery yields the highest performance ratio, minimizes energy losses, and achieves the most balanced battery performance. Keywords: Please Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Haolia Rahman)

169	Renewable energy	ABS-143
The Public Street Lighting System Using Solar Panels Based on GPS and Internet of Things Hikmatul Amri, Wan M. Faizal, Hardi B, Apri Willy Wahyudi, Ardi, Lani Garcia Department of Electrical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Bengkalis Jalan Bathin Alam, Sei. Alam, Bengkalis, Riau Abstract Electric energy is one of the most important human needs and is essential for daily life. Almost all human activities require electric energy, and a shortage of it can disrupt these activities. Electric energy from solar power plants is the result of converting solar energy into electricity using solar panels. solar power plant is a clean and renewable energy source because it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions or air pollution during normal operation. One aspect of choosing solar power plants is its adaptability to the location, as it is highly feasible and easy to implement in isolated and island areas without requiring much time. Challenges in the field after installing solar-powered public street lighting include monitoring battery conditions and theft cases. Therefore, the proposed solution to address these issues is to install sensors that can monitor battery conditions (INA219 sensors) and prevent theft (Neo 7M GPS sensor). The sensor data obtained is sent via the GPRS network using the SIM800L module to the user for real-time monitoring. The sensors installed on the PJU PLTS can continuously address the challenges encountered in the field. Testing results showed an average error of 0.81% for voltage and 1.45% for current measurements. The NEO 7M sensor outperformed the smartphone GPS with a discrepancy of 2.946 meters. The battery charging duration was found to be 570 minutes, and the battery usage duration was 2.5 hours. Keywords: Electric energy- solar panels- public street lighting- INA219 sensor- GPS sensor Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hikmatul Amri)

170	Renewable energy	ABS-190
The Effect of Photovoltaic Windows Position to The Electrical Power Pande Putu Agus Santoso1, a), Feby Nopriandy2), Suhendra3), Made Ery Arsana4), Luh Putu Ike Midiani5), I Gusti Agung Bagus Wirajati6), I Dewa Made Cipta Santosa7), Yudhy Kurniawan8), Aa Setiawan9), and Wardika10) Author Affiliations 1, 2, 3 Program Studi Teknik Mesin Pertanian, Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Sambas. Address: Jl. Raya Sejangkung, Sambas, 79462 Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. 4, 5, 6, 7 Program Studi Teknologi Rekayasa Utilitas, Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Bali. Address: Jl. Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung, Bali, Indonesia. 8, 9, 10 Program Studi Teknik Pendingin dan Tata Udara, Jurusan Teknik, Politeknik Negeri Indramayu. Address: Jl. Raya Lohbener Lama No. 08 Indramayu, 45252 Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Author Emails a) Corresponding author: pande.santosogmail.com Abstract One part of the building was deliberately made to face the sun was window. It is because windows function as a source of natural lighting for the house, so that the building becomes bright, not humid and healthy. Considering the position of the window that was deliberately made to face the sun, it is suspected that the window can also be integrated with solar panels to optimize the electricity that can be generated in buildings that use the Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) concept. The objectives of this study were explaining electrical power that produced by photovoltaic windows based on the direction of their placement position. This study uses an experimental method, the dependent variable was the power generated by the photovoltaic window and the independent variable was the position of the photovoltaic window (north, south, east and west). The study was conducted in July, when the sun^s position was north of the equator. The research data was collected every 20 minutes from 09.00 am to 03.00 pm. Data analysis using t-test. The discussion was carried out using the graph method. The result of this research show that there was a difference in the average electrical power produced by each window. The results show that the average electrical power generated by the north window was 1,64W- east 0,94W- south 1,07 W and west 1,57 W. Photovoltaic windows that have north, and west position were able to produce highest electrical power. Keywords: effect- electric power- photovoltaic- position- window Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pande Putu Agus Santoso)

171	Renewable energy	ABS-199
Optimization of Acrylic Acid Production From Glycerol Using Aluminium-Based MOF Pratiwi, Fatimah Tresna1)- Listyaningrum, Nur Baiti2)- Solikhah, Maharani Dewi1)- Abdullah, Iman3,4)- Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih3,4) 1 Research Center for Energy Conversion and Conservation, National Research and Innovation Agency, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Building 480, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia 2 Laboratory of Fuel Technology and Design Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Building 480, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia 16424 4Solid Inorganic Framework Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia 16424 Abstract The conversion of glycerol to acrylic acid was conducted using an aluminum-based MOF catalyst (Al-BDC), with variations observed in the type of metal, specifically Fe, V, and Mo. Variations in operating conditions such as glycerol concentration, addition of oxidants, and catalyst ratios were carried out only using the Fe-Al catalyst. The Al-BDC catalyst was synthesized via mechanochemistry using a horizontal ball miller, and metal incorporation was performed using incipient wetness impregnation. Among the metal type variations, the Fe/Al-BDC-70 catalyst generated the highest acrylic acid yield of 25.2%. Increasing the drying temperature for all types of metals reduces acrylic acid yield. The production of acrylic acid is more favorable with lower concentrations of glycerol. Regarding glycerol concentration, employing 78% lowered the acrylic acid output to 6%. The reaction kinetics are also affected by the variation in H2O2 addition intervals. The addition of H2O2 after a duration of 3 hours leads to a diminished yield of acrylic acid in comparison to its addition every 15 minutes from the beginning of the reaction. When a greater catalyst-to-feed ratio was used, a comparable outcome was also noted. Keywords: Acrylic acid, Glycerol, Oxydehydration, MOF Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fatimah Tresna Pratiwi)

172	Renewable energy	ABS-216
Synthesis of Cu1-xSbxS-CuSO4 using The Co-precipitation Method : Structure and Thermoelectric Performance Risky Virga Pramudya (a), Markus Diantoro (a,b*), Herlin Pujiarti (a,b), Reza Akbar Pahlevi (a), Alma Nur Roisatul Masruhah (a), Agung Saputro (a), Moh. Hafidhuddin Karim (a), Goh Boon Tong (c) a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia b) Centre of Advamced Materials and Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia *markus.diantoro.fmipa[at]um.ac.id c) Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract Thermoelectric technology can directly convert heat energy into electrical energy. This technology utilizes materials that can capture thermal energy and transform it into electrical energy. In this study, CuS-CuSO4 material will be synthesized and doped with Sb. Copper (Cu) is a fourth-period transition element that typically has high electrical conductivity. Antimony (Sb) was chosen due to its high melting point and electrical conductivity, which are expected to contribute to a high figure of merit (ZT). Additionally, CuS-CuSO4 is considered a new thermoelectric material due to its multi-element composition, low cost, easy availability, and environmental friendliness, making it a promising eco-friendly thermoelectric material with significant development potential CuS-CuSO4 material with Sb doping is synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Once the CuS-CuSO4 powder with Sb doping is obtained, it is formed into pellets using the cold press method and characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, and LZT. Keywords: Thermoelectric, CuS, CuSO4, Sb, Structure Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Markus Diantoro)

173	Renewable energy	ABS-217
NUMERICAL STUDY OF NON-UNIFORM CHORD LENGTHS AND TWISTS ON HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE TO ENHANCE ITS PERFORMANCE Nu Rhahida Arini, Arizal Fatkhur Rakhman Sidiq, and Amir Fadhilah Department of Mechanical and Energy, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia Abstract Wind energy is a promising renewable resource that can be converted into electricity utilizing turbines and generators. The energy conversion process influences electricity generation due to the production of lift and drag forces in which the turbine blade profile plays an important role. This research aims to numerical study modified Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) blades using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to enhance the turbine performance. This CFD procedure utilizes OpenFOAM tool and examines the three-blade design modifications. The blade modification incorporates NACA 0015 airfoils with non-uniform chord lengths and twists. The modification is confirmed using the lift coefficient (CL), and drag coefficient (CD). Pressure contour, velocity distribution, and streamline flow are evaluated to confirm the improvement. The Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory is applied to ensure the procedure with the limitation. It is found that, despite its widespread use, BEM has limitations often underestimating forces near the root and overestimating performance near the tip. In this research aims to optimize turbine design by adjusting chord lengths and incorporating the BEM theory. The result of the nonuniform chord length and twisting can produce 19,8% higher power. The study also explores the new blade localization theory for adaptive machining and manufacturing tolerances. Keywords: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Blade Element Momentum (BEM) Theory, OpenFOAM, NACA 0015, Wind Energy Conversion, Turbine Blade Design, Renewable Energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Amir Fadhilah)

174	Renewable energy	ABS-231
Utilization of Tofu Liquid Waste for Fungal Biomass Protein Production as an Animal Feed Supplement via Fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus Keryanti, Rintis Manfaati, Khanza Azqia Nurhaliza, Sri Puji Rahmawati Politeknik Negeri Bandung Abstract Animal feed supplements are nutritious mixtures added to animal feed to improve feed nutrition according to animal needs. This animal feed supplement can be produced by adding fungal protein obtained from the fungi Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus oryzae. This study aims to utilize tofu liquid waste from a tofu industry in West Bandung, which has a glucose content of 21.67% and nitrogen of 0.53%, making it a potential fermentation medium for the formation of fungal biomass protein. The fermentation process was carried out for 48 hours with pH variations of 4, 5, 6, and 7 and the addition of ammonium phosphate at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/L. From the optimum conditions obtained, Kjeldahl analysis and Luff Schoorl analysis were performed. By Rhizopus oryzae, the optimum fermentation condition was at pH 5 with the addition of 1 g/L ammonium phosphate, producing 2.19 g/L of fungal biomass protein. Meanwhile by Rhizopus oligosporus, the optimum condition was at pH 6 without the addition of ammonium phosphate and resulting in a dry biomass of 1.75 g/L. The study found that the protein content in fungal protein using Rhizopus oryzae was 74.25% and Rhizopus oligosporus was 62.31%. The analysis shows that the protein content of the fungal biomass produced in this experiment is 74.25%, nearly three times higher than that of commercial supplements available on the market Keywords: Fungal Protein, Tofu Liquid Waste, Animal Feed Supplement, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus oligosporus Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Keryanti Keryanti)

175	Renewable energy	ABS-237
Transesterification of Rice Bran Oil for Biodiesel Production Using Metal-Zeolite Based Catalyst: A Process Simulation Dhyna Analyes Trirahayu Chemical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, West Java, Indonesia Abstract The process simulation of biodiesel generation via heterogeneous catalytic transesterification process with rice bran oil (RBO) as feedstock was simulated using a kinetic model in ASPEN HYSYS. The effect of operating condition including methanol to oil ratio and reaction temperature to RBO conversion was studied using process simulation. The biodiesel production process consists of feedstock preheating, transesterification reaction, excess methanol recovery, and biodiesel purification. By varying the methanol to oil molar ratio range from 4 to 9 at constant temperature of 65C result in conversion range from 78.19-97.52% implying the conversion raise with the rising of methanol to oil ratio. The conversion ranged from 57.7-97.52% by varying temperature from 40-65C at constant methanol to oil molar ratio value 9. The properties of biodiesel favorably meet the biodiesel standard by ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214. Keywords: biodiesel- rice bran oil- heterogenous catalyst, transesterification, process simulation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dhyna Analyes Trirahayu)

176	Renewable energy	ABS-239
Performance Evaluation of Single-Stage Reactor and Two-Stage Reactor in Anaerobic Process to Treat Leachate Laily Isna Ramadhani, Alifa Dewi Kirana, Ghinaa Annisa Khairani, Herawati Budiastuti, Keryanti, Dhyna Analyes Trirahayu Politeknik Negeri Bandung Abstract Leachate is a liquid that permeate through landfills, if not managed properly can contamination to the environtment. The anaerobic method was choosen because it can decompose waste with high organic content and can form optimal biogas. To optimize the decomposition of organic content and produce biogas (methane gas), two-stage anaerobic processes are carried out by acidogenesis (acidification) and methanogenesis processes in different reactor. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performamce of single-stage and two-stage reactors to reduce the COD content of waste leachate and determine the volume of biogas. The parameters of this research are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD, Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid (MLVSS), and Cumulatibe Biogas Volume. In addition, the fixed parameter is pH, because pH greatly affects the anaerobic process. The acidogen reactors is set at pH in range of 4 - 5, the methanogen reactor is set at pH in the range of 6,4 - 7, and the single-stage reactor is set at pH in the range of 6 - 8. From the result of this research, it was found that the COD reduction efficiency in the acidogen reactor was 75% with a COD concentration of 1200 mg/L, the methanogen reactor was 33,3% with a COD concentration of 800 mg/L, dan the single-stage reactor was 83,3% with COD concentration of 800 mg/L. For cumulative volume of biogas, the acidogenesis reactor produce 0,104 L, the methanogenesis reactor produce 0,169 L, and the single-stage reactor produced 0,336 L. The performance of the single-stage reactor is better than the two-stage reactor in reducing COD concentration and in producing biogas volume. Keywords: Anaerobic, Biogas, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Two Stage, Leachate. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alifa Dewi Kirana)

177	Renewable energy	ABS-244
Comparative Analysis of DHT21 and DS18B20 Temperature Sensors for Hybrid Power Plant Monitoring Systems Ratna Ika Putri, Donny Radianto, Zakiyah Amalia, Septyana Riskitasari, Gery Prasetya State Polytechnic of Malang Abstract Selecting the right sensor is critical because temperature is a key parameter affecting the efficiency and lifespan of generating components, such as solar panels and wind turbines. By understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each sensor through this comparison, operators can choose the sensor that best suits the system^s specific needs, in terms of accuracy, stability, and responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions. This can ultimately improve the reliability of the monitoring system, maximize the efficiency of the energy produced, and reduce the risk of component failure in hybrid power plants. This study aims to compare the performance of the DHT21 and DS18B20 temperature sensors in a hybrid power plant monitoring system that utilizes solar and wind energy sources. This process involves testing both sensors to measure the temperature in the operating environment of the plant and then comparing them with standard temperature-measuring instruments. The experimental results show that both sensors have a maximum error of 0.018% at a temperature of 45 &#778-C. The DS18B20 sensor is more reliable for applications that require high-temperature measurement stability. In contrast, the DHT21 sensor is more suitable for detecting rapid temperature changes in the environment around the hybrid power plant. Keywords: energy, hybrid, photovoltaic, renewable, wind Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Septyana Riskitasari)

178	Soil sciences	ABS-92
Bridge Oprit Modelling with Soft Soil Embankment Behaviour Using Finite Element Method Hendry (a), Annisa Khoerani (b), Dewi Amalia (c*) a), b), c)Civil Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung *dewi.amalia[at]polban.ac.id Abstract Bridge oprit, or the embankment soil behind a bridge abutment, must be densely compacted to prevent settlement and ensure the stability of the pavement and abutment connection structure. In Indonesia, bridge abutments often face issues, particularly when the subgrade consists of soft soil, leading to excessive horizontal movement or landslides. Soft soils, characterized by low shear strength and high compressibility, can cause significant instability and settlement problems if not properly managed. Approximately 20 million hectares of Indonesia^s land area, especially in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Papua, and the northern coast of Java, are covered with soft soil, posing challenges for infrastructure development. This research aims to model embankments on bridge oprit using soft soil, highlighting the importance of soil improvement or reinforcement. The study employs finite element analysis with Plaxis 3D to achieve results closer to actual field conditions. The analysis shows a significant settlement of 0.1156 meters (11.56 centimeters) for bridge abutments on soft soil, exceeding the acceptable criterion of 2.54 centimeters. This highlights urgent issues. Additionally, the safety factor (SF) of 1.938, though stable, is near the minimum safe limit. Measures like soil stabilization, reinforcement, drainage improvement, load management, and thorough maintenance are crucial for long-term stability and performance enhancement. Keywords: Soft soil- Bridge oprit- Embankment- Plaxis 3D Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Amalia)

179	Soil sciences	ABS-95
Enhanced Mycorrhiza-Helper Bacteria Inoculant for The Health of Arabica Coffee Seedlings Grown in Nematode-Infected Soil Reginawanti Hindersah (a*), Iis Nur Asyiah (b*), Widi Amaria (c), Betty Natalie Fitriatin (a), Imam Mudakir (b) a) Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Ir. Soekarno Km. 21, Jatiangor, Sumedang 45363, Jawa Barat, Indonesia b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Teaching and Education, Universitas Jember, Jl. Moch. Sruji No.64-60, Cangkring, Kec. Patrang, Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur 68111, Indonesia c) Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor KM 46, Cibinong Jawa Barat 16911, Indonesia Abstract The Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and mycorrhiza-helper bacteria (MHB) are sustainable ways to control the nematode Pratylenchus coffeae infection on coffee plantations- moreover, AMF facilitates phosphorus availability for plants. Developing an MHB inoculant is the key to reducing endoparasite attacks. The objective of the experiment was to 1) formulate an enhanced MHB liquid inoculant composed of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas diminuta and 2) observe its effectivity in controlling P. coffeae in roots- and improving the P status in soil and plants, and the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings infested by the nematode. Enhancing MHB liquid inoculant was conducted in the small-scale reactor by optimizing the concentration of molasses, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (P), and the initial composition of both bacteria. A greenhouse experiment to test the effectivity of AM fungi of Glomus agregatum and MHB inoculant was set in a randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. The results demonstrated that the improved broth formulation for MHB liquid inoculant was composed of molasses 2%, NH4Cl 0.05 %, and KH2PO4 0.1 % with initial volume composition of B. subtilis and P. diminuta of 2:3. Scaling up MHB inoculant in 30-L reactor increased the bacterial population up to 1010 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL and P content up to 100 mg/kg. Inoculating coffee seedlings by 200 spores of G. agregatum and MHB of 109 CFU/mL increased leaf number, P uptake by plants, and soil P while decreasing root damage and nematode population in soil and roots. Mixed AMF and MHB decreased P. coffeae infestation in roots by 70.79% and increased P content in soil and plant by 57.2 % and 61.9 %, respectively. Keywords: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Liquid Culture, Plant Growth, Pratylenchus coffeae Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Reginawanti Hindersah)

180	Soil sciences	ABS-102
UNDERSTANDING THE VEGETATION DIVERSITY IN QUATERNARY JAVA MUD VOLCANOES Eri Sarmantua Sitinjak, Danni Gatot Harbowo ITB Abstract Since the eruption of Lumpur Sidoarjo in 2006, studying mud volcanoes in Indonesia has been more intriguing for geologists. Nevertheless, other mud volcanoes are also recognized in Sukabumi, West Java (Ciuyah Mud Volcano), Madura Island (Soccah or Buhjel Tasek Mud Volcano), East Nusa Tenggara (Napan and Pulau Semau), and some are in the Madura Strait, but it occurred naturally. Unfortunately, there have been no initial comprehensive studies on the vegetation around mud volcanoes in Indonesia until now, nor have there been any studies on their relationship with the geology of the mud volcano. This paper is one of the approaches to summarize the documented vegetation around mud volcanoes in Indonesia- some are still active mud volcanoes, and others are less active to inactive. We have already investigated these mud volcanoes by field mapping all recognizable mud volcanoes on onshore Java and Madura Island, extending from Sukabumi to Madura. Samples from the mud volcano, including fluid, gas, mud, and vegetation, were collected and sent to a dedicated laboratory for deeper analysis. Our result shows that specific vegetation typically grows at the inner rim and the surrounding area of the mud volcano. This phenomenon was related to the composition of mud volcano products, which had the role of selection in vegetation to adapt to the high-toxic environment. Keywords: Vegetation diversity, Mud volcano, Overpressure, Salse, Quaternary Java, Agrogeology, Geobotany, Soil Science Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eri Sarmantua Sitinjak)

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