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31	Biology	ABS-116
Enhancing Scientific Creativity through STEM-Based Flipbooks: A Study on Environmental Changes Desylva Nikita Jasmine (a), Indri Yani (a), Desti Herawati (a*) a) Biology Education Study Program, FKIP, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia *desti.herawati[at]unpak.ac.id Abstract In the 21st century, scientific creativity stands as a cornerstone of progress and innovation, driving advancements across various fields. Scientific creativity encompasses the ability to think outside the box leading to significant advancements in technology and society. STEM-based teaching materials have gained popularity due to their effectiveness in enhancing students^ logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities. This study aims to develop 1) STEM-based flipbook teaching media on the concept of environmental change material, 2) test the validity of STEM-based flipbook media, 3) test students^ scientific creativity skills after using STEM-based flipbook teaching media. This research method uses research and development (Research and Development) using the ADDIE development model. The instruments involved in this study include validation sheets, essay tests, and teacher and student questionnaires. The STEM-based flipbook on environmental change material created in this study has been shown to enhance students^ scientific creativity skills. This is evidenced by the N-Gain score, which falls within the moderate criteria. Additionally, the flipbook received high validation ratings from both material and media experts, categorizing it as very valid and making it suitable for use in biology education. Statistical tests further confirmed that the flipbook significantly boosts students^ scientific creativity. Both teachers and students provided positive feedback regarding the developed STEM-based flipbook. Keywords: Scientific, Creativity, STEM, Environmental Changes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Desti Herawati)

32	Biology	ABS-118
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND SKILLS IN FLOWERING PLANT PROPAGATION Ratna Dewi Wulaningsih (a), Agung Purwanto(b), Budiaman (b), Rusdi (a), Erna Heryanti (a) (a) Biology Education, FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Jakarta (b) PKLH, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract This study aims to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of Biology Education students in the propagation of flowering plants in the course of Plant Structure and Development in the Education Biology Study Program, at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jakarta State University. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method, involving students who take the course as research subjects. Data was collected through knowledge tests, attitude questionnaires, and skills observations. The results showed that the level of students^ knowledge about flowering plant propagation was in a good category, although some topics needed further strengthening, such as tissue culture techniques. Students^ attitudes towards learning flowering plant propagation were generally very positive, reflecting a strong interest in applying this knowledge in their professional careers. Skills observations showed that although most students had adequate skills, some propagation techniques still needed additional practice, especially in more complex methods such as grafting and budding. The study concluded that practice-based learning needs to be strengthened to improve students^ skills, and it is important to teach more in-depth topics that are considered difficult. Recommendations were also made for improving teaching and evaluation methods and for further coaching for students who need additional guidance. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Skills, Flowering Plant Propagation, Biology Education, FMIPA, Jakarta State University Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ratna Dewi Wulaningsih)

33	Biology	ABS-122
Improving Students^ Scientific Literacy in Biology Learning Through The Problem-Oriented Project-Based Learning (POPBL) Model Nur Suhaiba Sinusi (a*), Ibrohim Ibrohim (b), Sofia Ery Rahayu (c) a)Department Biology, State University of Malang, nur.suhaiba.2203418[at]students.um.ac.id b)Department Biology, State University of Malang, ibrohim.fmipa[at]um.ac.id c)Department Biology, State University of Malang , sofia.ery.fmipa[at]um.ac.id Abstract Science literacy is a crucial component of 21st-century life skills. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Problem-Oriented Project-Based Learning (POPBL) model in enhancing the science literacy of students at Junior High School 2 Alla, Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design with a pre-test and post-test on a non-equivalent control group. The sample consisted of 75 eighth-grade students divided into three groups. Data were collected through observations and tests. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the data against the proposed hypothesis. The results indicate that the average science literacy in the POPBL group is higher compared to both the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) group and the conventional learning group. The analysis found that POPBL had a significant impact on science literacy, with a p-value of 0.000. Therefore, it is concluded that POPBL significantly improves students^ science literacy. Consequently, the POPBL model is recommended for implementation to support the Independent Curriculum in Indonesia at the junior high school level, as it contributes to the development of students^ 21st-century life skills. Keywords: Scientific literacy, POPBL model, problem oriented project based learninf model Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nur Suhaiba Sinusi)

34	Biology	ABS-124
Phytoplankton Community Structure As An Indicator Of Fertility In Mangrove Ecosystem Waters And Surrounding Pejarakan, Bali, Indonesia Raden Fajar Aflah Richtiana, Ario Damar, Sulistiono Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia Abstract Pejarakan village is a village that has an area of aquaculture adjacent to the mangrove ecosystem. The waste produced by the aquaculture can cause risks to surrounding waters. This study aims to analyze the structure of the plankton community as an indicator of water quality in the waters of mangrove ecosystems and surrounding areas in Pejarakan, Bali. The research was conducted in September 2022, January 2023, September 2023, and January 2024 at 6 stations. Data analysis included abundance, diversity, evenness, dominance, similarity index, and principal component analysis. The results showed that phytoplankton were dominated by Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae, and the phytoplankton abundance ranged 96,388-316,852 cells/L. Plankton had a medium diversity index, a medium to high eveness index, and no dominance. The structure of the plankton community shows that these waters have a high level of diversity category. Keywords: Pejarakan, plankton, structure community. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raden Fajar Aflah Richtiana)

35	Biology	ABS-125
Diversity of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Coptotermes curvignatus and Macrotermes gilvus Termite Gut Isolated from Bengkulu Coastal Region Dwita Oktiarni (a,b*), Lusiana (a), Winda Shasha Regina (c), and Elva Maidani Supardin (c) (a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu, Jalan W.R. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Muara Bangkahulu, Kota Bengkulu 38122, Indonesia, Telp: 0736 20919 (b) Research Center of Sumatera Natural Products and Functional Materials, Universitas Bengkulu, Jalan W.R. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Muara Bangkahulu, Kota Bengkulu, 38122, Indonesia (c) Undergraduate Student of Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu, Jalan W.R. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Muara Bangkahulu, Kota Bengkulu Abstract Bioethanol as an alternative energy resource, has become essential to be developed as an eco-environmentally energy. Termites, like other eusocial insects, require bacteria in their gut to break-down cellulose biomass into glucose using bacteria that produce cellulolytic enzymes in their guts. The process of converting lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol offers a solution to two problems faced globally- the production of new energy and the processing of lignocellulosic biomass. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass requires the use of cellulolytic bacteria. Termites are one of the organisms that possess this capability. The study aimed to isolate and identify of cellulolytic bacteria from termite gut obtained from Bengkulu coastal region. Identification of the new species of cellulolytic bacteria from termite was performed by biomolecular assay. The bacteria isolates were isolated and purified by using DNA kit and the optical density of bacterial DNA isolates was carried out by using nanodrop spectrophotometer. The isolated bacterial strains were amplified by PCR to determine the 16S rRNA gene segment, performed using BLAST-N program and compared with NCBI database. Data sequences of 16S rRNA gene of isolate bacteria from Coptotermes curvignatus showed that the new species were identify as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. Whereas data sequences of 16S rRNA gene of isolate bacteria from Macrotermes gilvus showed that the new species were identify as Bacillus paramycoides, Staphylococcus hominis, Cellulomonas taurus, and Acinetobacter nosocomialis. Keywords: biomass, cellulolytic bacteria, cellulolytic enzyme, termite Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwita Oktiarni)

36	Biology	ABS-147
Exploring Protist Literacy Among University Students^: Findings from a Recent Survey Hardianto Hardianto, Susriyati Mahanal, Hendra Susanto, Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia Abstract Students have difficulty associating Protist organisms in their daily lives. Protista literacy is needed so that students can apply the concept of Protist in the real world. The purpose of this study is to find out the level of students^ Protist literacy. This study is survey research using a sample of 349 students in Indonesia. Sampling technique by accidental sampling. Data was collected using the Protist literacy instrument consisting of a multiple-choice test and a questionnaire based on the Protist literacy dimension, namely 1) conceptual knowledge, 2) relation information, 3) fact evaluation, 4) real solution, 5) argument identification, 6) self-confidence, and 7) scientific value. The findings show that students^ Protist literacy is still very low (M=45.99). Efforts to improve students^ protist literacy are by integrating problem-based learning with technology. The development of various learning innovations in Protist learning is expected to empower students^ Protist literacy. Keywords: Protist Literacy, Protist Course, University Students Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hardianto Hardianto)

37	Biology	ABS-150
Potential Diversity of Serawai Ethnic Medicinal Plants in South Bengkulu Regency as a Source of Ethnobiology Learning Based on Local Wisdom Kasrina (a*), Abas , Syarif Hidayat, Ahmad Saddam Husein, Milsa, Tarisa , Anesa (a*) (a*) Biology Education Study Program, Bengkulu University Correspondence: kasrina[at]unib.ac.id Abstract Abstract South Bengkulu Regency is an area inhabited by the Serawai ethnic group, which is the original ethnic group in Bengkulu Province. They still trust traditional healers ^bahtra^ to cure diseases. Documentation of medicinal plants has not been well documented so that many future generations have lost knowledge about medicinal plants. Ethnobiology studies are one way to explore this potential so that knowledge can be recorded well. This research aims to carry out exploration and documentation of medicinal plants which were developed as learning resources based on local wisdom. The research was conducted in the villages of Padang Jawi, Bandar Agung and Jeranglah Tinggi, South Bengkulu Regency. The selection of informants in the form of Bahtera, traditional elders and people who understand medicinal plants was carried out using a purposive sampling method. The results of the research found 87 species of 53 families of medicinal plants,for various diseases such as cancer, asthma, malaria, and the others. Medicinal plants are found wild and cultivated. Family taxa with a large diversity of species are the Zingiberaceae (7sp), Poaceae (6sp), Asteraceae (6sp). The existence of plants that are easy to find can be used as a learning resource based on local wisdom. Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Serawai Ethnicity, Ethnobiology, Learning Resources Local Wisdom Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (KASRINA KASRINA)

38	Biology	ABS-151
PROJECT-BASED PLANT MORPHOLOGY MODULE AS TEACHING MATERIAL FOR STUDENTS^ CONCEPT MASTERY Neni Murniati1*, Yennita1, Ahmad Saddam Husein1, Malinda Dwi Cahya1, Rusdi Hasan2 1Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Indonesia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia Abstract The availability of instructional materials is a crucial element in the learning process, as they serve as a valuable tool and source of information, facilitating the acquisition of knowledge and the development of conceptual understanding. The objective of this study is to develop teaching materials in the form of project-based modules on plant morphology for the purpose of facilitating concept mastery. The Project-Based Plant Morphology Module was developed in accordance with the ADDIE model (Branch, 2009), which comprises five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research instruments utilized for the development process included a validation questionnaire, a student response questionnaire, and a concept mastery test. Validity of the module was obtained through the use of instruments in the form of book validation sheets, which were completed by experts in the fields of media, materials, and education. The module trials were obtained through the implementation instruments for the individual components and the management of the learning implementation. Product trials will be conducted with students enrolled in the Biology Education program during the second semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The data used to validate the module was obtained from the module^s expert validators using a validation sheet. The data obtained from the product trial is analyzed in order to assess the readability of the module. The validation results for the plant morphology module achieved a score of 4.73, representing a percentage of 91.4% in the ^very feasible^ category. Student responses to the plant morphology module yielded an average score of 4.34, with a percentage of 86.9%, indicating that the module was perceived as ^very easy to understand.^ Consequently, the plant morphology module is deemed a valuable and effective component of plant morphology courses Keywords: module, concept mastery, plant morphology, project Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Neni Murniati)

39	Biology	ABS-156
Combining Problem-Based Learning and Collaborative Mind Mapping: A Strategy for Empowering Students^ Collaboration Skills Fitrah Amalia Salim (a), Susriyati Mahanal (a*), Hendra Susanto (a) a) Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang *susriyati.mahanal.fmipa[at]um.ac.id Abstract Collaboration skills are part of the essential 21st-century skills that need to be empowered in students, as these skills require teamwork. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Collaborative Mind Mapping (CMM)-Assisted Problem Based Learning (PBL) on improving students^ collaboration skills in biology learning. This study employed a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design with population comprised all eleventh-grade students from SMAN 4 PAREPARE, located in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study recruited 109 students, 37 students were in the experimental group with PBL-CMM model, 36 students in the positive control group used PBL, and 36 students in the negative control group applied direct instruction. A random sampling procedure was done to select three groups of participants. The pretest and post-test data were gathered using peer and self questionnaire. The questionnaire used a five-point Likert scale: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral/somewhat agree, agree, and strongly agree. The research data were analyzed using One-Way ANCOVA and the LSD test.The findings of this study indicate that the PBL -CMM learning model significantly affects students^ problem-solving skills in SMAN 4 Parepare. Using PBL-CMM can help students learn how to work together to address problems and streamline their complex thought processes for common issues. A well-structured visual approach can accelerate the process of finding effective and efficient solutions Keywords: Collaboration- Problem Based Learning- Collaborative Mind Mapping- Students Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitrah Amalia Salim)

40	Biology	ABS-157
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTER IDENTIFICATION OF IR-64 RICE, MS. SHORT, AND BLACK GLUTINOUS RICE Diah Sudiarti1, Mohammad Habibillah Nadifi2 , Tri Agus Siswoyo 3,4* 1) Student Doctor of Biotechnology Study Program, Graduate School, University of Jember, Jember 68121- Indonesia 2) Student of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Jember Islamic University, Kaliwates, Jember 68133 - Indonesia 3) Doctor of Biotechnology Study Program, Graduate School, University of Jember, Jember 68121-Indonesia 4)The Center of Excellence on Crop Industrial Biotechnology (PUI-PT BioTIn), University of Jember, Jember-68121- Indonesia Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in Indonesian people^s lives, and most Indonesian people^s staple food is rice. Three varieties of rice are often grown by the community, namely IR-64 rice, Red Short Sertani, and black glutinous rice. IR-64 rice seeds are white, MS. Short is red, and black glutinous rice, where the three rice varieties have differences in rice seed pigments (Pigmented Rice), which cause differences in morphological characters. This study aims to determine the differences in morphological characters of the three types of rice plants. This research is an experimental study using a randomized block design, which consists of 3 treatments using 3 rice varieties, namely IR-64, Red Short Sertani, and Black Glutinous rice varieties, where each treatment is repeated 5 times. Data from this study were processed using statistical analysis. The results showed differences in morphological characters of the three types of rice. Keywords: Rice morphology, IR-64 Rice, MS. Short, Black Glutinous Rice. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Diah Sudiarti)

41	Biology	ABS-158
CREATION OF A POCKET BOOK APPLICATION USING FERN IDENTIFICATION IN BENGKULU^S RAJA LELO FOREST PARK AREA Abas*, Kasrina*,Aji Abdul Rasyid Lukito* *Jurusan Matematika & Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Prodi Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Bengkulu, abas[at]unib.ac.id Abstract The aim of this study is to create a pocket book application for Android devices that explores the topic of ferns, based on the identification of diverse fern species in the Raja Lelo Forest Park area. Based on the Borg and Gall model (1983), this research is of the research and development type- nevertheless, the researcher only utilized stage five (major product revision). Eleven different species of ferns were identified. Pteridaceae is the most prevalent family, followed by Polypodiaceae, with only one species reported in each of the other families. Testing the built application for practicality and validity were three experts: a biology teacher, a media expert, and a material expert. The outcomes of the validation by media experts are 4.00, or 100%- the results of the validation by material experts are 3.81, or 95.37%- and the results of the practicality assessment by a biology instructor are 3.80, or 95.16%. The built pocket book application is a very viable supplement to the biology teaching materials, according to the assessment results. Keywords: Keywords: Ferns, Diversity, Raja Lelo Forest Park, Android Application, Pocket Book Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abas Abas)

42	Biology	ABS-165
Needs Profile of Biotechnology Textbooks to Improve Students^ Science Literacy Dewi Jumiarni1, Endang Widi Winarni2, Bhakti Karyadi3 Bengkulu University Abstract Science literacy is one of the essential skills in the 21st century. To enhance students^ science literacy, stimulation and practice are needed during the learning process, including the use of textbooks that can facilitate the development of science literacy. This research aims to identify the teaching materials to stimulate science literacy of students. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The sample in this study consists of two lecturers and 60 students from the Biology Education Program at UNIB who have completed the biotechnology course. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Subsequently, the obtained data was analyzed qualitatively in a descriptive manner. The results of the observation indicate that the course plan and the teaching materials used do not yet meet the demands of the latest curriculum and the needs of the students. The interview results show that in teaching, the lecturers have been using the latest reference books, but they do not yet have a structured specific teaching book. The learning model used is Project Based Learning (PjBL) with assignments that have not yet measured aspects of science literacy. The results of the questionnaire analysis show that 91.67% of students find it difficult to understand the reference books used, 75% of students struggle to connect societal issues with the theories studied, 100% of students have not utilized scientific methodology steps in completing project assignments, and 100% of students express the need for engaging, contextual, and easily understandable teaching materials. Thus, it can be concluded that in biotechnology course, a structured textbook is needed that aligns with the learning objectives, contains contextual material relevant to societal issues, has a learning design that guides students in the project work using scientific methodology, and is engaging and easily to understand. Keywords: Biotechnology, Need Analyze, Science Literacy, Textbook Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Jumiarni)

43	Biology	ABS-167
Sequencing Analysis of IRT Gene from Iron Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variant in Indonesia Rizky Priambodo, Alma Fahira, Adisyahputra Biology Study Program, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jalan Rawamangun Muka Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia, 13220 Abstract Indonesia consumes rice as its primary meal, despite the fact that land for growing rice is already scarce. To boost national rice production, swamp area might be utilized for cultivation. Swamp land^s high concentration of Fe makes it difficult to utilize. Molecular analysis are needed for the quick and effective selection of rice strains that can withstand iron stress. The objective of this study is to analaysis the sequence of IRT gene as a potential marker for iron tolerant rice variant. The DNA for this study was taken from several strain of rice, including the the iron tolerant and non iron rolerant rice variant. The outcomes demonstrated that Siam Saba rice variant has a deletion mutation at position 1007 bp and an insertion mutation at position 1151 bp. Cluster analysis identified two primary groups of four rice strains, which is predicted as group of iron tolerant rice and non iron tolerant rice. Siam Saba and Siam Tanggung make up the first group, while Ciherang and INPARI 34, make up the second. Twelve SNP sites were also revealed using SNP marker analysis. The functional gene study was needed to determine the gene marker candidate related with the iron tolerant character. Keywords: Rice, iron tolerant, IRT gene, sequencing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rizky Priambodo)

44	Biology	ABS-172
Isolation and Identification of Chitinolytic Bacteria from Guano for Liquid Biofertilizer Production Annisa Wulan Agus Utami, Eka Putri Azrai, Nailul Rahmi Aulya, Tri Handayani Kurniati, Bunga Widya Martin, Juliana Muawanah, Murdianti, Salsabila Kurnia Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia Corresponding author: annisawulan[at]unj.ac.id Abstract The main aim of this research is the isolation of chitinolytic bacteria from Guano and hence the production of liquid biofertilizer. Guano is the accumulated excrement of seabirds, bats, and seals, which is rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. It has been historically used as an effective organic fertilizer due to its high concentration of these essential nutrients that promote plant growth. Guano is particularly valuable in agriculture and gardening for improving soil fertility. Based on observations using the cultivation method, a total of 10 bacterial isolates were obtained. Three isolates showed clear zones around their colonies, namely chitinolytic bacteria GG9, GG1, and GG10 on chitin agar media, indicated by the formation of a clear zone surrounding the colonies. In the treatment with Guano liquid biofertilizer, the most effective dosage was 45 ml/L of water (P4), resulting in an average root length of water spinach plants of 4.4 cm. Keywords: Chitinolityc Bacteria, Guano, Liquid Organic Biofertilizer. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Annisa Wulan Agus Utami)

45	Biology	ABS-174
The effect of pearl NPK fertilizer on the germination of seed mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) Ratna Dewi Wulaningsih1, Agung Purwanto2, Cantika Choirunisa Anediandrasari1 1. Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia 2. PKLH, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Mustard greens (Brassica Juncea L.) are one of the leafy vegetables that are not difficult to cultivate. Brassica Juncea L. is classified as a leafy vegetable plant that has high economic value and is very popular with the community. Mustard greens grow well in soil with high nitrogen content. In addition to the N element, the P element, and the K element also play an important role in plant growth. NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer is a compound fertilizer needed by plants. The method used is the experimental method, namely placing plants in a laboratory exposed to sunlight, and observing their development. Mustard green seeds are inserted into the planting medium in the form of fertile soil, which is placed in a shady place. Plants are watered using water every 7 days. The observation parameters observed are the percentage of germination and plant height. Plants planted in planting media with NPK addition treatment grow faster and better, compared to plants planted in planting media without NPK addition. Keywords: pearl NPK fertilizer, germination, seed mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ratna Dewi Wulaningsih)

46	Biology	ABS-179
Bispecific antibody (alpha 9-nAChR/mPEG) suppresses angiogenesis and tumor progression of triple-negative breast cancers Tzu-Chun Kan1,2, Chun-Chia Cheng3, Chun-Chun Hsu4,5, Michael Chen6, Jeng-Wei Lu7,8, Sonjid Ochirbat9, Kuo-Hsiang Chuang6, Chien-Chung Chen10, Yi-Yuan Yang11, Yuan-Soon Ho12, Sri Rahayu13, Tzu-Hsuan Huang1,14, Jungshan Chang1,8,15* 1 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 2 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan 3 Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan 4 School of Respiratory Therapy and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 5 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 6 Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 7 Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 8 The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 9 International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan 10 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11052, Taiwan 11 School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan 12 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan 13 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia 14 Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan 15 International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: js.chang[at]tmu.edu.tw Abstract The &#945-9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha 9-nAChR) has recently emerged as a candidate molecule for targeted therapy of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). To characterize the therapeutic role of alpha 9-nAChR on TNBCs, the alpha 9-nAChR-based bispecific antibody (alpha 9-BsAb) and the alpha 9 BsAb-liposomal doxorubicin conjugates (alpha 9-BsAb/Lipo-Dox) were prepared and assessed. Compared to the group treated with Lipo-Dox alone, a markedly increased nuclear accumulation of alpha 9-BsAb/Lipo-Dox was observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating that alpha 9- nAChR-mediated drug guiding to MDA-MB-231 cells led to enhanced DNA targeting. The therapeutic efficacy of both candidates was assessed in the MTAM (electrospun poly-L-lactic acid microtube array membranes) and TNBC xenografts. The results revealed that the candidates effectively inhibited cell growth within MTAM and tumor growth in TNBC xenografts. Interestingly, a significant reduction in vascular density was observed on MTAM, suggesting that alpha 9-nAChRs play a critical role in angiogenesis and that &#945-9-BsAb could effectively block this phenomenon. The endothelial cell tube formation assay was conducted to confirm the angiogenic role of alpha 9 nAChRs, revealing a significant reduction in loop numbers in a medium supplemented with alpha 9-BsAb, aligned with the mRNA and protein expression levels observed in tumor samples. These findings indicate that the potential drugs significantly inhibited the expression of angiogenic factors such as VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and phosphorylated VEGFR2 in TNBC xenografts. Moreover, data acquired from disease ontology (DO) and the gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis in TNBC xenografts exhibited a strongly positive correlation between alpha 9-nAChRs and tumor angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and migration, which was consistent with both in vivo and in vitro angiogenesis studies. Together, alpha 9 nAChR emerges as a promising therapeutic molecule and a potential target for drug d Keywords: alpha 9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha 9 nAChR), triple-negative breast cancers, bispecific antibody, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), angiogenesis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jungshan Chang)

47	Biology	ABS-180
The angiogenic role of the alpha 9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in triple-negative breast cancers Sonjid Ochirbat (a), Tzu-Chun Kan (b, c), Chun-Chun Hsu (b, d, e), Tzu-Hsuan Huang (b, f), Kuo-Hsiang Chuang (g), Michael Chen (g), Chun-Chia Cheng (h), Chun-Chao Chang (i, j, k), Sri Rahayu (l), Jungshan Chang (a, b, m*) a) International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan b) Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan c) Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan d) School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. e) Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. f) Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan g) Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan h) Research Center of Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan i) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan j) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan k) TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan l) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia m) International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan Abstract Nicotine acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating endogenous cholinergic pathways. Several subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been demonstrated to be closely correlated to the formation and progression of different types of cancers. Recently, several studies have found that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors &#945-9 (&#945-9-nAChRs) are highly expressed in breast tumors, especially in tumors derived from patients diagnosed at advanced stages. In vitro studies have demonstrated that activation of &#945-9-nAChRs is associated with increased proliferation and migration of breast cancer. To study the tumor-promoting role of &#945-9-nAChRs in breast cancers, we generated a novel anti-&#945-9-nAChR and methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) bispecific antibody (&#945-9 BsAb) for dissecting the molecular mechanism on &#945-9-nAChR-mediated tumor progression. Unexpectedly, we discovered the angiogenic role of &#945-9-nAChR in nicotine-induced neovascularization of tumors. It revealed &#945-9 BsAbs reduced nicotine-induced endothelial cell tube formation, blood vessel development in matrigel plug assay and angiogenesis in microtube array membrane murine model (MTAMs). To unbraid the molecular mechanism of &#945-9-nAChR in nicotine-mediated angiogenesis, the &#945-9 BsAbs were applied and revealed the inhibitory roles in nicotine-induced production of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2&#945-), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (p-VEGFR2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) from triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), suggesting &#945-9-nAChRs played an important role in nicotine-induced angiogenesis. To confirm our results, the shRNA targeting &#945-9-nAChRs was designed and used to silence &#945-9-nAChR expression and then evaluated the angiogenic role of &#945-9-nAChRs. The results showed &#945-9 shRNA also played an inhibitory effect in blocking the nicotine-induced angiogenic signaling. Taken together, &#945-9-nAChR played a critical role in nicotine-induced angiogenesis and this bispecific antibody (&#945-9 BsAb) may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for treatments of the &#945-9 positive cancers. Keywords: Nicotine, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors &#945-9, Bispecific antibody, Angiogenesis and Microtube array Membrane murine model. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sonjid Ochirbat)

48	Biology	ABS-183
The need to consider multiple criteria in managing breeding habitat for urban frogs in Jakarta, Indonesia Mohamad Isnin Noer, Ivan Hafidhuddin, Alvira Salsabila, Agung Sedayu, and Ratna Komala 1. Program Studi Biologi. Faculty of Maths and Sciences. Universitas Negeri Jakarta 2. Non affiliation 3. Student of Program Studi Biologi. Faculty of Maths and Sciences. Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract Urban biodiversity plays a critical role in shaping effective urban planning and conservation strategies. A key factor in promoting urban biodiversity is the management and evaluation of breeding habitats. In this study, we assessed the local and landscape factors that support breeding habitats for native frog species in Jakarta, Indonesia. We surveyed 25 breeding sites, categorized by varying management intensities. Our results revealed that different frog species exhibit diverse habitat preferences for breeding- some species are capable of utilizing constructed or managed environments, while others depend on more natural or minimally managed habitats. These findings emphasize the need to incorporate multiple criteria when designing strategies to support breeding habitats for all native frog species in Jakarta. We also explored specific factors influencing urban frogs^ selection of breeding sites, providing insights into the drivers of habitat preference in urban environments. Keywords: native frogs, urban, breeding habitat, conservation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alvira Salsabila)

49	Chemistry	ABS-12
Anodization of Aluminum and Titanium as an Alternative Electrochemistry Laboratory Practice Based on Green Chemistry Aprianta Magdalena Simamora (a*), Maria Paristiowati (b), Yusmaniar (b) State University of Jakarta, Jalan Rawamangun Muka, RT.11/RW.14, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13220. Abstract This study aims to develop the anodizing method as an alternative approach in electrochemistry laboratory instruction. The research was conducted in the chemistry and physics laboratories of Universitas Negeri Jakarta from July 2023 to January 2024. The methodology employed in this study involves laboratory experiments using glassware and SEM-EDS to analyze the morphology of metals. Green chemistry-based anodizing practices were conducted by creating electrolyte concentrations of up to 15% and testing tea extracts as environmentally friendly dyes. The experimental results indicated that, out of 10 trials, both Aluminum and Titanium metals were successfully anodized in the electrolytic anodization process, and the tea extract dye was able to adhere to Aluminum through to the sealing stage. Keywords: Alternative electrochemistry laboratory, Anodizing, Aluminum, Titanium. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aprianta Magdalena Simamora)

50	Chemistry	ABS-13
Fundamental Investigation on Halogenated Derivatives as Antityrosinase Agent and Inhibition of Enzyme Kinetic Studies Fatin Farhana Baharuddin (1*), Nadiah Mad Nasir (1), Koh Soo Peng (2), Bimo Ario Tejo (1) (1): Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia *ftnfrhzny[at]gmail.com (2): Pusat Penyelidikan Sains dan Teknologi Makanan, MARDI, 43000, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract Tyrosinase enzyme catalyses L-tyrosine substrate through oxidation, forming L DOPA and converting to melanins whereby excess melanin promotes hyperpigmentation, ageing and other skin-related diseases. Thus, inducing tyrosinase inhibitors can lower melanin production to achieve whitening properties in the skin. Nowadays, some whitening products such as contain hydroquinone and heavy metals are harmful to human skin. This research aimed to produce 19 nontoxic halogenated tyrosinase inhibitors synthetically using Grover-Shah and Shah (GSS) method and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity using tyrosinase mushroom Agaricus bisporus assay with kojic acid as a positive control. Five compounds were found to inhibit the enzyme with inhibition percentage of more than 50%. Among these active compounds, two compounds (11 and 12) showed potency. Their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and their enzyme kinetic analysis were determined. The IC50 values for compounds 11 (75 ug/ml) and 12 (100 ug/ml) in L-DOPA substrate demonstrate its strong action with kojic acid as control (7.8 ug/ml). Enzyme kinetic analysis demonstrated that compounds 11 and 12 as uncompetitive inhibitors whereby this kinetic data were supported by visualized docking analysis with tyrosinase protein. These data suggest that halogenated derivatives have the potential to be developed as new candidates for skin whitening agents in cosmetic industries and for pigmentation related diseases. Keywords: antityrosinase, docking, enzyme, inhibitors, synthesis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (FATIN FARHANA BAHARUDDIN)

51	Chemistry	ABS-15
Unlocking the Anti-Acne Potential of Halogenated Xanthone and Benzophenone Derivatives: A Synergistic Approach Using In-Vitro and Computational Evaluation. Pavithren Devakrishnan (a*), Nadiah Mad Nasir (a), Bimo Ario Tejo (a), Hanan Hasan (b) a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. *pavithrendevan[at]gmail.com b) Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Abstract Acne which is caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is the most common skin problem among adolescents and young adults. Topical antibiotics like Tetracycline are commonly used to treat acne but their effectiveness has declined as bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. Thus, this research emphasizes the anti-acne property of new synthetic derivatives of halogenated xanthone and benzophenone since the isolated xanthone and benzophenone derivatives from plants has reported to have antimicrobial properties against acne causing bacteria. For the synthesis of the derivatives, the modified method reported by Grover, Shah and Shah were utilized. Next, the anti-acne potency of the synthesized against S. aureus (ATCC 6538 and ATCC 10832) was screen using well diffusion assay (WDD) and active compounds were selected to identify their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Next, the computational analysis of the desired derivatives was performed by molecular docking with the proteins of P. acnes (PDB ID: 8CVO) and S. aureus (PDB ID: 1JIJ) in Biovia Discovery Studio and the toxicity and druglikeness properties was predicted using SwissADME. Based on the screening results through WDD, compound 1 showed promising anti-acne activity with the recorded inhibition zone of 15.00 mm and 30.67 mm (for S. aureus ATCC 6538 and ATCC 10832 respectively) while for compound 2, 14.33 mm and 17.33 mm for S. aureus ATCC 6538 and ATCC 10832 respectively. Then, the MIC and MBC were evaluated, compound 1 showed 0.250 mg/mL and 0.500 mg/mL respectively for S. aureus ATCC 6538, 0.016 mg/mL and 0.500 mg/mL respectively for S. aureus ATCC 10832. While compound 2 showed 0.062 mg/mL and 0.125 mg/mL respectively for S. aureus ATCC 6538 and 0.031 mg/mL and 0.063 mg/mL respectively for S. aureus ATCC 10832. Next, compound 1 and 2 reveals good binding affinity values towards P. acnes and S. aureus and better interaction with the protein active site. Additionally, the results from the ADMET analysis showed that compound 1 and 2 is predicted to have great drug potential for acne treatment. Therefore, these findings indicated that compound 1 and 2 could be possible to use as the better anti-acne formulation with a guarantee for healthy skin. Keywords: ADMET properties- anti-acne- benzophenone- molecular docking- xanthone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pavithren Devakrishnan)

52	Chemistry	ABS-16
A Molecular Networking-Based Discovery of Novel Curculatifolia and Rooperol A from Curculigo latifolia Nadiah Mad Nasir1* Nur Kartinee Kassim1, Hanan Hasan2, Pavithren Devakrishnan1 dan Intan Safinar Ismail1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. Abstract Curculigo latifolia is a herb without a stem that grows naturally in Western Malaysia. It belongs to the Hypoxidaceae family, which includes the genera Curculigo and Hypoxis. It is a shrub with leaves up to 70 centimeters in size. There are 30 accepted species of Curculigo, known for their diverse secondary metabolites, especially norlignans and phenolic glycosides. However, the chemical properties of Curculigo species remain underexplored. In this study, bioactivity assays and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) along with molecular networking (MN) were used to analyze the metabolome of rhizomes and leaves of Curculigo latifolia, resulting in the discovery of several novel norlignan derivatives. Rhizomes and leaves were fractionated and screened for antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The most active fractions were annotated and identified through MS/MS-based molecular networking, leading to the characterization of high-abundance compounds. Using a bioassay-guided and MN approach, two novel compounds, Curculatifolia (1) and Rooperol A (2), were isolated. The structures were elucidated and characterized through NMR, DIMS, and FTIR spectroscopic analyses. Keywords: Curculigo- Molecular networking- LC-MS/MS- norlignans-phenolic glycosides Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (NADIAH MAD NASIR)

53	Chemistry	ABS-41
Analysis of Variations in Students Conceptual Understanding on the Concept of Salt Hydrolysis Using Phenomenography Elsa Vera Nanda, Qoulan Karima, and Tritiyatma Hadinugrahaningsih Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia Abstract This study examines the variation of conceptual understanding of students in grade XI MIPA regarding salt hydrolysis through phenomenography. The study, which was conducted at SMA Negeri 58 Jakarta in the 2022/2023 academic year, used qualitative methods and involved 36 students from class XI MIPA A. Data were collected through observation sheets, reflective journals, student worksheets, and interviews, and analyzed using Akerlinds (2005) phenomenographic approach, which includes transcribing interviews, identifying key phrases, categorizing descriptions, providing examples, and organizing the categories into a hierarchy based on their complexity. The results showed four levels of understanding among the students. At the lowest category A, six students only recognized the reaction between salt and water. In category B, three students understood the reaction between salt ions and water ions. Category C included ten students who understood that not all salt ions react with water ions, although they did not fully understand which ions reacted or did not react. The highest understanding, category D, included three students who knew that only ions of weak acids or bases react with water. Most students were in the C category, which indicates a general level of understanding. This study underscores the importance of prior knowledge and strategic learning approaches in mastering the concept of salt hydrolysis. Keywords: Variations in Students Conceptual, Phenomenography, Salt Hydrolysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elsa Vera Nanda)

54	Chemistry	ABS-44
Development of Detection Method of Escherichia coli Targeted yhaV Gene using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Muktiningsih Nurjayadi1,2, Anisa Fitriyanti1,2, Royna Rahma Musie1,2, Gusti Angieta Putri1,2, Puan Aqila Azizah1,2, Helzi Angelina 1,2, Grace1,2, Ananda Indah Putri Sihombing1,2, Agus Setiawan1,2, Jefferson Lynford Declan1,2, Gladys Indira Putri1,2, Dandy Akbar Juliansyah1,2, Siti Fatimah2, Ayu Berkahingrum1,2, Irma Ratna Kartika1,2, Fera Kurniadewi1,2, Vira Saamia3, Shyi-Tien Chen4, Bassam Abomoelak5, Hesham A. El Enshasy6,7,8 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Gedung KH. Hasjim Asj^ari, 6th Floor, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 2Research Center for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 3Center Forensic Laboratory of the Criminal Investigation, Police of the Republic of Indonesia, Cipambuan Babakan Madang, Bogor, 1681, Indonesia. 4Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 University Road, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan 5Arnold Palmer Hospital Pediatric Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Orlando, FL 32806, USA. 6Innovation Center in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 7School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 8City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Abstract \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) is foodborne pathogenic bacteria that can cause diarrhea. The aims of this study are to determine the confirmation, specificity, and sensitivity test of the \(yhaV\) gene primer using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. The \(yhaV\) is a virulence gene that associated with the toxin-antitoxin system in \(E.\) \(coli\). This primer successfully to amplify DNA fragment with an amplicon length of 207 bp at an annealing temperature of 60 degrees Celsius by Gradient PCR. In addition, the primer pair produced Ct at 14.14\(\pm\)0.05 and showed one peak in melting curve with Tm value of 83.67 degrees Celsius \(\pm\)0.02. The \(yhaV\) primer also succeeded to distinguish target and non-target bacteria based on the differences in Ct and Tm values produced on the specificity test. The primer pair successfully detected \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) at the smallest concentration until 2.24 pg/\(\mu\)L with a Ct at 29.93, which has a detection limit of 31.5\(\times\)\(10^2\) CFU. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the \(yhaV\) primer can detect \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) using the real-time PCR method quick and accurate. In the next steps, these primers can be used to detect \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) bacteria in artificially contaminated and real food samples. Keywords: Detection Method, Foodborne Pathogen, Escherichia coli, yhaV gene, real-time PCR Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muktiningsih Nurjayadi)

55	Chemistry	ABS-45
Development of Shigella flexneri Detection Method by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting the sfmD gene Muktiningsih Nurjayadi1,2, Puan Aqila Azizah1,2, Agus Setiawan1,2, Ananda Indah Putri Sihombing1,2, Anisa Fitriyanti1,2, Grace1,2, Gusti Angieta Putri1,2, Helzi Angelina1,2, Royna Rahma Musie1,2, Jefferson Lynford Declan1,2, Gladys Indira Putri1,2, Dandy Akbar Juliansyah1,2, Siti Fatimah2, Tiara Fahriza 1,2, Irma Ratna Kartika1,2, Fera Kurniadewi1,2, Novitasari3, Bassam Abomoelak5, Hesham A. El Enshasy5,6,7 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Gedung KH. Hasjim Asj^ari, 6th Floor, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 2Research Center for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 3Research Center for Testing Technology and Standard, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Puspitek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia. 4Arnold Palmer Hospital Pediatric Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Orlando, FL 32806, USA. 5Innovation Center in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 6School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 7City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Abstract \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\) can cause shigellosis, which can cause high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and death. This study aims to develop a detection method using real-time PCR by targeting the \(sfmD\) gene of \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\). The virulence factor of the gene enables adhesion to the host surface. This method consists of primer design, DNA isolation, optimization of primer annealing temperature, confirmation, specificity, and sensitivity tests. The isolated DNA concentration and purity values were in the concentration of 142 ng/\(\mu\)L and purity of 1.92. Based on the optimization of primer in the range of 54-62 degrees Celsius, this study used \(sfmD\) primer with amplicons length of 155 bp and annealing temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. These pairs of primers amplified target sequences at Ct 15.11\(\pm\)0.38 with Tm 82.41 degrees Celsius\(\pm\)0.01. Primer specificity test obtained the results that primer can distinguish \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\) from non-target bacteria. The findings reveal that primer can identify \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\) up to a detection limit of 16 pg/\(\mu\)L at Ct 26.68 and equivalent to 2.79\(\times\)\(10^2\) CFU. This study concludes that \(sfmD\) primer amplified target DNA \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\). Further study can be conducted by detecting \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\) in artificially contaminated food samples. Keywords: Shigella flexneri, sfmD gene, real-time PCR, Detection Method Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muktiningsih Nurjayadi)

56	Chemistry	ABS-46
pipB Gene as Detection Target for Development of Detection Method of Pathogenic Bacteria Salmonella typhi Using Real-Time PCR Muktiningsih Nurjayadi1,2, Gusti Angieta Putri1,2, Ananda Indah Putri Sihombing1,2, Puan Aqila Azizah1,2, Anisa Fitriyanti1,2, Royna Rahma Musie1,2, Helzi Angelina1,2, Grace1,2, Agus Setiawan1,2, Dandy Akbar Juliansyah1,2, Jefferson Lynford Declan1,2, Gladys Indira Putri1,2, Siti Fatimah2, Adinda Myra Amalia Putri1,2, Vira Saamia3, Irma Ratna Kartika1,2, Fera Kurniadewi1,2, Shyi-Tien Chen4, Bassam Abomoelak5, Hesham A. El Enshasy6,7,8 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Gedung KH. Hasjim Asj^ari, 6th Floor, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 2Research Center for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 3Center Forensic Laboratory of the Criminal Investigation, Police of the Republic of Indonesia, Cipambuan Babakan Madang, Bogor, 1681, Indonesia. 4Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science andTechnology, No. 1 University Road, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan 5Arnold Palmer Hospital Pediatric Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Orlando, FL 32806, USA. 6Innovation Center in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 7School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 8City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Abstract \(Salmonella\) \(typhi\) is bacteria that lead to typhoid fever and one of the causes of death due to bacterial infections. In Indonesia, typhoid fever occurs around 1.100 cases per 100.000 population per year with a mortality rate of 3.1-10.4 percent. It is necessary to develop a rapid and accurate detection of \(S.\) \(typhi\). This study aims to test primers targeting the \(pipB\) gene. The method used primer design, DNA isolation, annealing temperature optimization, confirmation, specificity, and sensitivity test. The \(pipB\) gene has a function as an autophagia inhibitor in human. The \(pipB\) primer can amplified a DNA fragment of 196 bp at the optimum annealing temperature between 55-61 degrees Celsius. Confirmation test with real-time PCR found that \(pipB\) primers amplified at cycle to 13.11\(\pm\)0.07 with a Tm value of 84.13 degrees Celsius\(\pm\)0.07. The specificity test of these primers could distinguish target bacteria from non-target bacteria based on their Ct and Tm values. The sensitivity test of the primer pair obtained a LoD value of 55.78\(\times\)\(10^2\) CFU equivalent to 3.2 pg/\(\mu\)L. In conclusions, \(S.\) \(typhi\) \(pipB\) primers successfully detected \(S.\) \(typhi\) bacterial DNA by real-time PCR method. The next study can involve detecting \(S.\) \(typhi\) in artificially contaminated foods. Keywords: detection method, pipB gene, real-time PCR, Salmonella typhi, typhoid Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muktiningsih Nurjayadi)

57	Chemistry	ABS-47
Potential of hpmA Gene as a Detection Method of Proteus mirabilis Bacteria using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Muktiningsih Nurjayadi1,2, Royna Rahma Musie1,2, Anisa Fitriyanti1,2, Gusti Angieta1,2, Ananda Indah Putri Sihombing1,2, Puan Aqila Azizah1,2, Helzi Angelina1,2, Grace1,2, Agus Setiawan1,2, Jefferson Lynford Declan1,2, Gladys Indira Putri1,2, Dandy Akbar Juliansyah1,2, Siti Fatimah2, Rosita Gio Anggraeni1,2, Novitasari 3, Irma Ratna Kartika1,2, Fera Kurniadewi1,2, Novitasari 3, Bassam Abomoelak4, Hesham A. El Enshasy5.6.7 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Gedung KH. Hasjim Asj^ari, 6th Floor, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 2Research Center for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 3Research Center for Testing Technology and Standard, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Puspitek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia. 4Arnold Palmer Hospital Pediatric Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Orlando, FL 32806, USA. 5Innovation Center in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 6School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 7City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Abstract \(Proteus\) \(mirabilis\) is pathogenic bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal infections, bacteremia, and Urinary Tract Infections (UTI). Therefore, it is necessary to have a fast, sensitive, specific, and accurate detection method to identify \(Proteus\) \(mirabilis\). This study aims to determine the confirmation, specificity, and sensitivity test of the \(hpmA\) gene primer to detect \(Proteus\) \(mirabilis\) quick and precise using the real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction method. Gradient Polymerase Chain Reaction results showed the \(hpmA\) primer has an amplicons length of 195 bp and the optimum annealing temperature at 60 degrees Celsius. The primer pair produced Ct value of 10.40\(\pm\)0.18 and showed one peak in the melting curve with Tm value of 81.84 degrees Celsius \(\pm\)0.02 by real-time PCR. Furthermore, the \(hpmA\) primer was also able to distinguish target and non-target bacteria based on the difference in Ct and Tm value formed. Based on these results, the concentration of bacterial DNA that can be detected by primers reached 3.2 pg/\(\mu\)L, equivalent to the concentration of target bacteria that can be detected by primers is 10.24\(\times\)\(10^{2}\)CFU. In the next step, \(hpmA\) primer will be developed to detect \(Proteus\) \(mirabilis\) in artificial contaminated samples using real-time PCR. Keywords: Pathogenic bacteria, Detection method, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Proteus mirabilis, hpmA gene Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muktiningsih Nurjayadi)

58	Chemistry	ABS-48
Validation of real-time PCR for the detection of sfmD and gspA Shigella flexneri gene fragments and sifA Salmonella typhi gene Muktiningsih Nurjayadi1,2, Ananda Indah Putri Sihombing1,2, Gusti Angieta Putri1,2, Puan Aqila Azizah1,2, Anisa Fitriyanti1,2, Royna Rahma Musie1,2, Helzi Angelina1,2, Grace1,2, Agus Setiawan1,2, Jefferson Lynford Declan1,2,Gladys Indira Putri1,2, Dandy Akbar Juliansyah1,2, Siti Fatimah1,2, Rosita Gio Anggraeni1,2, , Irwan Saputra1,2, Irma Ratna Kartika1,2, Fera Kurniadewi1,2, Bassam Abomoelak3, Hesham A. El Enshasy4,5,6 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Gedung KH. Hasjim Asj^ari, 6th Floor, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 2Research Center for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 3Arnold Palmer Hospital Pediatric Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Orlando, FL 32806, USA. 4Innovation Center in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 5School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 6City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Abstract \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\) and \(Salmonella\) \(typhi\) are foodborne bacteria that can cause to severe illness even death. This research aimed to validate the confirmation test for the primer pair of the \(sfmD\) and \(gspA\) genes of \(S.\) \(flexneri\), and the \(sifA\) gene of \(S.\) \(typhi\) using rt-PCR. Previous research using the mic rt-PCR Cycler instrument showed that the \(sfmD\) primer amplified the target gene with a Ct of 14.72 and a Tm of 82.39 degrees Celsius, the \(gspA\) primer with a Ct of 14.80 and a Tm of 79.34 degrees Celsius, and the \(sifA\) primer with a Ct of 17.08 and a Tm of 82.25 degrees Celsius. In this study, a validation test was conducted using the ViiA-7 rt-PCR System. It shows that the \(sfmD\) primer pair amplified the target gene with a Ct of 16.535 and a Tm of 81.7 degrees Celsius, the \(gspA\) primer with a Ct of 17.097 and a Tm of 78.231 degrees Celsius, and the \(sifA\) primer with a Ct of 17.002 and a Tm of 82.111 degrees Celsius. These primer pairs successfully amplified the target bacteria using the rt-PCR method with the ViiA-7 rt-PCR System. The next steps could involve specificity and sensitivity testing validation. Keywords: real-time PCR, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, sfmD gene, gspA gene, sifA gene Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muktiningsih Nurjayadi)

59	Chemistry	ABS-49
Evaluating the Potential of aprA Gene for Accurate Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Muktiningsih Nurjayadi1,2, Helzi Angelina1,2, Ananda Indah Putri Sihombing1,2, Puan Aqila Azizah1,2, Anisa Fitriyanti1,2, Royna Rahma Musie1,2, Gusti Angieta1,2, Grace1,2, Agus Setiawan1,2, Jefferson Lynford Declan1,2, Gladys Indira Putri1,2, Dandy Akbar Juliansyah1,2, Siti Fatimah2, Atikah Nur Rahmawati1,2, Irma Ratna Kartika1,2, Fera Kurniadewi1,2, Shyi-Tien Chen3, Bassam Abomoelak4, Hesham A. El Enshasy5,6,7 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Gedung KH. Hasjim Asj^ari, 6th Floor, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 2Research Center for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 3Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science andTechnology, No. 1 University Road, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan 4 Arnold Palmer Hospital Pediatric Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Orlando, FL 32806, USA. 5Innovation Center in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 6School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 7City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Abstract \(Pseudomonas\) \(aeruginosa\) is opportunistic-pathogenic bacteria that cause nosocomial infections. These bacteria that can grow at various temperatures and can be found in diverse environments, enable for \(Pseudomonas\) \(aeruginosa\) to become a contaminant in food during food processing, storage and distribution. This study aims to determine the potential of the \(aprA\) gene primers to detect \(Pseudomonas\) \(aeruginosa\) quick and accurate using the real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction method. The \(aprA\) gene can destroy the microbial recognition molecules thereby reducing the immune of the host response to infection. \(aprA\) can amplify DNA fragments from \(Pseudomonas\) \(aeruginosa\) with an amplicon length of 171 bp at an annealing temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. In the confirmation test, \(aprA\) produced a Ct value of 17.335\(\pm\)0.215 with Tm value of 88.72 degrees Celsius\(\pm\)0.02. \(aprA\) can also differentiate target and non-target bacteria in the specificity test based on diversity in Ct and Tm values. Based on the sensitivity test, \(aprA\) has a detection limit value of 16 picogram per-microliter equivalent to 1.43\(\times\)\(10^4\) CFU with a Ct value of 33.25. Based on these results, \(aprA\) can detect \(Pseudomonas\) \(aeruginosa\) DNA quick and accurate using the rt-PCR method. This research will continue with artificial testing on food. Keywords: aprA Gene, Detection, Pathogen bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rt-PCR Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muktiningsih Nurjayadi)

60	Chemistry	ABS-50
Assessing the ecpA Gene as a Target for Detecting Klebsiella pneumoniae Using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Muktiningsih Nurjayadi1,2, Agus Setiawan1,2, Ananda Indah Putri Sihombing1,2, Anisa Fitriyanti1,2, Grace1,2, Gusti Angieta Putri1,2, Helzi Angelina1,2, Puan Aqila Azizah1,2 , Royna Rahma Musie1,2, Jefferson Lynford Declan1,2, Gladys Indira Putri1,2, Dandy Akbar Juliansyah1,2, Siti Fatimah2, Atikah Nur Rahmawati 1,2, Irma Ratna Kartika1,2, Fera Kurniadewi1,2, Irwan Saputra1,2, Bassam Abomoelak3, Hesham A. El Enshasy4,5,6 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Gedung KH. Hasjim Asj^ari, 6th Floor, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 2Research Center for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia. 3Arnold Palmer Hospital Pediatric Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Orlando, FL 32806, USA. 4Innovation Center in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 5School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 6City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Abstract \(Klebsiella\) \(pneumoniae\) is the most nosocomial pathogenic bacteria found in the hospital that causes infections such as pneumonia, liver abscesses, and urinary tract infections. The \(ecpA\) gene is one of the target genes of \(Klebsiella\) \(pneumoniae\) that functions in biofilm development to increase the ability of bacteria to colonize and as the main subunit of fimbriae. This study aims to determine the confirmation, sensitivity, and specificity test of pathogenic bacteria by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction method. The\(ecpA\) primer has an amplicons length of 170 bp and has an annealing temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. These primer pair produced Ct test at 16.78\(\pm\)0.04 and Tm value of 86.33 degrees Celsius\(\pm\)0.12. The specificity test of the \(ecpA\) gene successfully differentiated between target and non-target bacteria based on Ct and Tm value. Therefore, these primers can detect \(Klebsiella\) \(pneumoniae\) bacteria at the smallest concentration until 1.06 pg/\(\mu\)L equivalent to 1.47\(\times\)\(10^4\) CFU. Based on these results, the \(ecpA\) primer successfully detected \(Klebsiella\) \(pneumoniae\) bacteria quickly, specifically and sensitively using the rt-PCR method. In the next step, these primer pairs can detect the artificial contaminated samples using rt-PCR method. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pathogenic Bacteria, ecpA Gene, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muktiningsih Nurjayadi)

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