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61	Ocean Sciences	ABS-26
Multi-temporal Satellite Derived Bathymetry for Monitoring Post-disaster Change in Underwater Topography M Zaidan Nafis, Arshel Rianggara Y, Delia Angelika Sirait, M Rizky Perdana, Eka Djunarsjah, Miga Magenika, Andika Permadi Putra Hydrography Research Group, Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Natural disasters in coastal areas such as tsunamis and earthquakes can cause extreme changes in topography on land and bathymetry on the seabed. Unfortunately, changes in bathymetry on the seabed are rarely monitored due to the high cost of bathymetric surveys and the lack of urgency to do so after disasters. In fact, monitoring changes in bathymetry is essential for coastal management, tidal flood prediction, and post-disaster recovery. Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) is a method of extracting depth values using satellite imagery that can be a cheap and easy-to-use alternative for post-disaster bathymetry monitoring to determine changes in the shape of the seabed. SDB is used to obtain bathymetry information before and after a disaster in a water area, with the difference in value of the two results showing changes in the shape of the seabed caused by natural disasters. The results of this study are maps of bathymetry changes before and after the disaster, and calculations of the volume of seabed components that have changed. With the SDB method, the process of monitoring bathymetry changes is expected to be faster and cheaper to do so that it can help fulfil the need for accurate bathymetry change information. Keywords: Bathymetry, Monitoring, Seafloor Changes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Zaidan Nafis)

62	Ocean Sciences	ABS-27
Technical Recommendations for Indonesian Marine Cadastral Maps Gathan Rasendriya Khumar, Gilbert Lodwik Banni, Amira Khairunissa, Eka Djunarsjah, Miga Magenika, Andika Permadi Putra Hydrography Research Group, Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Although there are various regulations governing the management of coastal and marine areas, such as Article 33 Paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 1 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands, and Law No. 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Affairs, however until now there is still a gap in the application of standardized technical standards in the preparation of cadastral maps, especially in dynamic coastal areas. This research aims to formulate comprehensive technical recommendations for marine cadastre to support the development of Marine Cadastral Maps in Indonesia. Through in-depth studies of applicable laws and regulations, case studies in marine and coastal areas with a focus on suboptimal fisheries zoning such as in West Sumatra, and analysis of the technical aspects required in the preparation of marine cadastral maps, this research produces technical recommendations covering aspects such as data used, identification of water space objects that include 12+1 water space objects, methodology for creating Marine Cadastral Maps, map attributes, scale and reference system, and map validation. The technical recommendations produced are expected to overcome various obstacles that have been faced in the development of Marine Cadastral Maps in Indonesia. Accurate, up-to-date, and integrated cadastral maps will be an important instrument in supporting sustainable spatial planning of the sea, resolving conflicts in the use of sea space, and data-based decision making. This will be very important in supporting sustainable development, especially related to the protection of marine ecosystems, and especially in the management of fisheries zoning as regulated in the Marine Cadastral Map. Keywords: Marine Cadastral Map, Technical Recommendations, Regulations, Fishery Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Zaidan Nafis)

63	Ocean Sciences	ABS-28
Indonesia^s Ecosystem Mangrove: Status, Challenges, Management For Climate Change Mitigation David G.K. Ketaren1*, Agus Mochamad Ramdhan2, Ivonne Milichristi Radjawane3 1 Graduate Student in. Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2 Environmental and Applied Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3 Geological Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *Corresponding author: davidtpaitb[at]yahoo.com Abstract Indonesias commitment to improve mangrove ecosystem governance has resulted in a number of innovative policies and actions that lead to conservation and restoration programs on a national scale. However, mangrove ecosystem management still faces various challenges that require a comprehensive review and assessment of the policies outlined in the programs and actions of mangrove ecosystem management strategies in Indonesia, especially in the context of conservation and mangrove ecosystem services for climate change mitigation. This study aims to evaluate the status, problems and mechanisms of mangrove management in each province in Indonesia, as well as policy strategies for each province and nationally. The study used a qualitative method approach through summarizing primary research results to present more comprehensive and balanced facts. Data and information collected over the last five years shows that the status of the mangrove ecosystem in 14 provinces is still partly dense (density above 90%). The condition status of mangrove ecosystems is still partially intact, which exists in 14 provinces. Significant challenges arise from land conflicts, land use change, and suboptimal coastal area management. The results of the qualitative analysis show that mangrove ecosystems are present in 37 provinces in Indonesia. The main problems that pose challenges to mangrove ecosystem management have been categorized into: 1) land acquisition for settlement (22 provinces)- 2) land acquisition for pond expansion (21 provinces), 3) illegal logging for timber (13 provinces)- acquisition for oil palm plantation (4 provinces), industrial estate development (3 provinces). An analysis of mangrove-related regulations in Indonesia shows that although there are policies governing the protection and utilization of mangrove ecosystems, their implementation is still less effective, especially in addressing land conflicts and preventing illegal land conversion. Mangrove ecosystem management programs, especially those related to conservation for climate change mitigation, are still unable to solve the main problems that threaten the sustainability of this ecosystem. Management in 34 provinces requires a collaborative and integrative approach to mangrove ecosystem management that must be supported by strong regulations and the utilization of the latest monitoring and control technology. Mangrove ecosystem management through a collaborative and participatory approach has been implemented. However, enforcement of regulations and the utilization of the monitoring technology are still hardly implemented in the management of mangrove ecosystems. Keywords: mangrove, climate change, conservation, policy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (David Gina Kimars Ketaren)

64	Ocean Sciences	ABS-29
Site Selection for Social Engineering Implementation in Modern Fishing Village in Indonesia (A case study of Samber-Binyeri Village, Papua, Indonesia) Abstract Wahyu Indra Sakti1*, Agus Mochamad Ramdhan2, Hamzah Latief3, Muhamad Darmawan4, Maulana Firdaus5 1 Graduate Student in Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2 Applied Geology Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3 Environmental and Applied Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *Corresponding author Abstract Most of the pictures of Indonesia^s coastal fishing villages are unfavorable. Inadequate infrastructure, poor sanitation, and limited access to education and healthcare often plague these areas. The development of modern fishing villages represents a strategic approach to improving the socio-economic well-being of coastal communities in Indonesia. This paper evaluates the site suitability and the key factors for successful implementation of social engineering strategies in modern fishing villages development, focusing on Samber-Binyeri Village in Papua, Indonesia. In this study, we selected several parameters for determine site suitability, specifically the number of fishers, land availability and status, potential fishery production, fishing and landing facilities and infrastructure, as well as institutional. We used prospective analysis for the mapping of key factors and its relationships. Our results showed that Samber-Binyeri village in Papua, Indonesia were suitable for the development of modern fishing villages based on the 5 (five) observed parameters. We identified 8 (eight) key factors which were divided into two categories, government controlled and government uncontrolled. Low human resource capacity, quality of fish, lack of business management knowledge, fleet availability, and underdeveloped institutional (cooperative) were the key factors for the development of modern fisheries village controlled by the government. Other key factors not controlled by the government were market availability, unstable fish prices and community welfare. Among the key factors observed, low human resource capacity is an important factor that needs to be considered in the development of modern fishing villages. This research has implications for policy makers, development planners, and stakeholders involved in the development of modern fishing villages in Indonesia. Keywords: Modern, fishing, village, social, engineering, government, Samber-Binyeri Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wahyu Indra Sakti)

65	Ocean Sciences	ABS-35
Evaluation of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 4 (PMIP4) Models in Simulating the Contraction of Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Between the Mid-Holocene and Pre-Industrial Fitri Wulan Darojati (a*), Yudha Setiawan Djamil (b), Rima Rachmayani (c), Marfasran Hendrizan (b), Sri Yudawati Cahyarini (b) a) Study Program of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesa 10 40132, Bandung, Indonesia b) Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere (PRIMA), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Sangkuriang 1-9, Bandung, Indonesia c) Research Group of Environmental and Applied Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesa 10 40132, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) proxy indicates a contraction of the Indo-Pacific Warm-Pool (IPWP) occurred during mid-Holocene as relative to the recent time. The contraction is in the form of cooling in the western and eastern parts of the IPWP and warming in the central region. The underline mechanisms of such contraction can only be revealed by well-performed climate models. Thus, our study verified sea surface temperature (SST) changes in the IPWP during the mid-Holocene relative to pre-industrial conditions simulated by models from Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4) with SST proxy dataset by calculating their Weighted Cohen Kappa scores. Unlike SST proxy, annual-mean simulations from all models show cooling across the IPWP, likely due to greenhouse gas forcing. However, for the December-January-February (DJF) seasonal average, some models simulate warming in the central IPWP, while most models simulate cooling in the March-April-May (MAM) and June-July-August (JJA) seasons across the IPWP. During September-October-November (SON), most areas in IPWP show warming. Climate Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2) in DJF showed the best simulation results of all models with Kappa=0,4088. Nevertheless, the low value of Cohen Kappa for the annual mean indicates that the PMIP4 models are unable to adequately capture the contraction of the IPWP between the two eras. Keywords: IPWP, Mid-Holocene, proxy, PMIP4, Cohen Kappa Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitri Wulan Darojati)

66	Ocean Sciences	ABS-36
Future changes of the Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge in the Southwestern Indian Ocean under global warming scenario projected in the CMIP6 models Saat Mubarrok (a*), Fuad Azminuddin (b), Heesok Jung (b), Chan Joo Jang (b) a) Program Study Of Oceanography, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *saatmubarrok[at]gmail.com b) Ocean Circulation & Climate Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, South Korea Abstract The Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR, 5oS-10oS, 50oE-80oE) is a unique open-ocean upwelling region in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Due to the negative wind stress curl between the equatorial westerlies and southeasterly trade winds, SCTR is known as a strong upwelling region with high biological productivity, providing a primary fishing zone for the surrounding countries. This study evaluates future changes in the SCTR using outputs from ten models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The thermocline depth, indicated by the depth of maximum temperature gradient (DTmax), shows a significant deepening trend across Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios (2015-2100), with deeper DTmax in SSPs compared to the CMIP6 historical simulations (1980-2014). Additionally, the analysis of Ekman pumping velocity in both historical simulations and SSPs future projection scenarios reveals a notable reduction in the SSPs scenarios, particularly evident in the equatorial region, attributed to a prevailing easterly wind bias common in climate models. This study suggests a connection between the bias in CMIP6 models^ thermocline depth and an easterly wind bias in the Indian Ocean in SSPs scenarios, as observed in the historical simulation. Investigating this bias reveals a diminished SST difference between the eastern and western Indian Ocean, notably during summer in SSPs scenarios, likely attributed to global warming leading to warmer conditions in the western Indian Ocean. The findings highlight the substantial impact of projected warming trends on Indian Ocean wind patterns and their critical role in altering thermocline depth in the SCTR region. Keywords: thermocline, SCTR, CMIP6, Ekman pumping velocity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Saat Mubarrok)

67	Ocean Sciences	ABS-37
Numerical simulation insights on salinity increase in estuaries around Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) due to Sepaku-Semoi Rivers damming I.P. Anwar1*, M.R. Putri1, A. Tarya1, I. Mandang2 1 Research Group of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia Abstract The Indonesian national government has decided to relocate the national capital city to East Kalimantan. The new location, named Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), is situated in the coastal area of Balikpapan Bay. The development of the new capital city will have significant environmental impacts. Specifically, the construction of dams on the Sepaku-Semoi Rivers will reduce the availability of freshwater in Balikpapan Bay, thereby altering its hydrodynamic conditions. These changes are expected to lead to a crucial issue: increasing salinity levels, particularly in the estuaries of the main rivers. In this study, the primary focus is to investigate the salinity increase in the estuaries due to damming. The baroclinic mode of the Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM) has been applied to estimate the hydrodynamic conditions in Balikpapan Bay. Crucial parameters output from the model, including sea level, current speed, salinity, and temperature in 3D, have been validated against field measurement data with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.1 m, 0.1 m/s, 0.67 PSU, and 1.41^{o}C, respectively. The coefficients of correlation for these parameters are 0.99, 0.85, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively. The prediction of saline water intrusion following dam development has been conducted using three scenarios: normal conditions (before damming), a 50\% reduction in river discharge, and a 95\% reduction in river discharge. The results indicate that salinity in the estuaries of four main rivers (Spaku, Semoi, Wain, and Riko) increased by 3.7-15.1 PSU after damming. This suggests that the estuaries of the main rivers in Balikpapan Bay will experience significantly higher levels of saline water in the future, underscoring the critical environmental impact of dam construction on the Sepaku-Semoi River. Keywords: Salinity Increasing, Hydrodynamic Modeling, Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), Sepaku-Semoi River Damming, Estuarine Impact Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iwan Pramesti Anwar)

68	Ocean Sciences	ABS-39
Carbon Emissions from Purse Seine Fishing Vessel at Cilacap Fishing Port Syamdidi1,2*, Mutiara Rachmat Putri3, Lamona Irmudyawati Bernawis3 1 Graduate Student in Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia *syamdidi[at]gmail.com 3 Research Group of Environmental and Applied Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract As climate change concerns grow, studying carbon emissions across sectors, including the fishing industry, becomes essential. Fishing is a vital economic activity in Indonesia, with Cilacap Fishing Port in southern Java serving as a key source of fish supply for the region. However, research on the carbon footprint of fishing in this area remains limited. This study investigates the carbon emissions of all purse seine vessels over 20 GT operating from Cilacap Fishing Port in 2023, offering targeted recommendations for reducing their environmental impact and promoting fisheries sustainability. The vessels primarily targeted pelagic fish species, with their fishing grounds located in the Indian Ocean, south of Java. The findings reveal that the average carbon emissions from these vessels were 4.43 kg CO2 eq per kg of fish. Among the various species, baby yellow fin tuna (Thunnus albacares), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), frigate tuna (Auxis sp.), and mackerel scad (Decapterus sp. had the lowest carbon footprints, with emissions of 2.36, 2.59, 3.19, and 3.31 kg CO2 eq per kg, respectively. In contrast, albacore tuna (Thunnus alalonga) and swordfish (Xiphias sp.) had the highest emissions, at 2727.27 and 1063.19 kg CO2 eq per kg, respectively. Emissions also varied by season, with the highest levels recorded in SON (September-November) at 9.12 kg CO2 eq per kg, and the lowest in MAM (March-May) at 1.02 kg CO2 eq per kg. The study highlights opportunities to reduce carbon emissions through enhanced efficiency, optimized fuel use, and targeted fishing practices. By focusing on species with lower carbon footprints and adjusting practices based on seasonal variations, significant reductions in emissions can be achieved, contributing to more sustainable fishing operations in Cilacap and southern Java. Keywords: carbon emission, purse seine, fishing vessels, diesel consumption, cilacap fishing port Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syamdidi Syamdidi)

69	Ocean Sciences	ABS-40
HYPOTHETICAL MODELING OF TSUNAMIS DUE TO VOLCANIC ACTIVITY IN THE TEON-NILA-SERUA ISLANDS, MALUKU PROVINCE Riyadi Zakia Syahrulloh (a*), Hamzah Latief (a) , Karina Aprilia Sujatmiko (a) (a) Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia *Corresponding author, E-mail:riyadizakia111[at]gmail.com Abstract Maluku Province, located along the Pacific Ring of Fire, is prone to volcanic activity, which poses significant risks. One such risk involves volcanoes like Mount Laworkawra, which last erupted in 1968 on Nila Island. To anticipate potential tsunamis resulting from volcanic activity, a hypothetical analysis using numerical simulations is essential for effective mitigation planning. This study employs the COMCOT (Cornell Multi grid Coupled Tsunami Model) to simulate tsunamis triggered by underwater landslides, utilizing the Non linear Shallow Water Equations (NSWE) and a nested domain approach with up to 10 layers. Bathymetric data from the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and National Topographic data (DEMNAS) were used. Five scenarios were simulated, varying the landslide volumes based on historical events such as the 1660 Teon Island tsunami (2.75 km^3), the 2018 Anak Krakatau tsunami (2.8 km^3), the 1871 Mount Ruang eruption (5.28 km^3), and estimated landslide prone areas around Nila Island. The simulation results indicate that at the tsunamis source near Nila Island, the splash height reached up to 200 meters. As the tsunami propagated towards the nearest island, Teon, the wave height decreased to 13 meters, as recorded by the observation station. The fastest tsunami propagation time was 3.5 minutes, while the slowest propagation was toward Kei Kecil Island, taking 39 minutes and reaching a height of 0.32 meters. The study concludes that tsunamis caused by landslides in this region are likely to be local but highly destructive near the source, particularly around Serua, Nila, and Teon Islands. In contrast, more distant areas like Damar, Romang, Moa, Babar, Jendena, and Kei Kecil Islands would experience significantly lower impact. Keywords: tsunami hazard, volcanic tsunami, underwater landslide, Nila Island, COMCOT Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riyadi Zakia Syahrulloh)

70	Ocean Sciences	ABS-41
Estimating the Trajectory of Macroplastic Particles in Java Sea Using Numerical Modelling Parikesit Nuril Azmi (a*) and Mutiara Rachmat Putri (b) a)Study Program of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *22424003[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id b)Research Group of Oceanography, Institute of Technology Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract The excessive use of plastic in human activities on land has become a problem of marine litter pollution. This problem attracts many researchers because it not only involves a regional scale but can have an impact on a global scale. Therefore, this study uses a numerical model that aims to describe the hydrodynamic conditions in the Java Sea and simulate the trajectory of macroplastics in the Java Sea originating from DKI Jakarta, Cirebon City, and Surabaya City. The hydrodynamics model simulation uses the Region Ocean Modelling System with resolution of spatial 1/96o or 1.1 kilometres and duration of simulation time is 1 year from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 with a time step of 60 seconds. The hydrodynamics simulation results in the form of average ocean current data per 30 minutes are used as input data to model particle trajectories using Opendrift with the assumption that the particle weight is equal to 1 kilogram of plastic. Furthermore, the trajectory model will be simulated with 2 scenarios, namely stranded and previous. Then, releasing macroplastic particles every month continuously at 3 source points in DKI Jakarta, Cirebon, and Surabaya. The results of the hydrodynamics model show that the ocean currents in the Java Sea are dominated by tidal currents with a magnitude of 0.01 - 1 m/s, the direction of the ocean currents is dominated to the east in one year. In the previous boundary conditions, particle trajectory simulation results show that the missing particles were 51.2% (8,599 kg) and active particles were 48.2% (8,188 kg) with the largest contribution from Jakarta. While the stranded boundary conditions show lost particles of 1.6% (271 kg), active particles 3.35% (562 kg), and trapped particles 95.05% (15,594 kg) with the largest contribution for lost particles is sourced from Cirebon, active particles and trapped sourced from Jakarta. This is due to the dynamics of ocean currents have an important role in the spread of plastic waste in the Java Sea which is dominated by tidal currents and the influence of monsoon winds coupled with the many small islands and the shape of the coastline that curves inward, so that it can trap macroplastic particles in the Java Sea. This result is expected to help government in the National Action Plan for Marine Debris Management through their policies and technologies in order to make a clean and healthy marine environment, so as to improve the economy of the community. Keywords: hydrodynamic, trajectory, macroplastic, ROMS, Java Sea Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Parikesit Nuril Azmi)

71	Ocean Sciences	ABS-43
The Fishery Performance Indicators for Indonesia Red Snapper Fishery in The Arafura and Timor Sea Kamaluddin Kasim1*, Mutiara Rachmat Putri2, Susanna Nurdjaman2, Rhima Rahmayani2, Sakti Wahyu Trenggono1, Wahyu Indra Sakti1, David G. Ketaren1, Supo Dwi Diantara1, Syamdidi1, Tri Yuwono1, and Freshty Yulia Arthatiani1 Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Abstract The nutrient-rich waters of the Arafura and Timor Sea support the growth of fish species like red snapper, making the region a hub for large-scale fishing operations. However, sustainability concerns arise due to limited data on the fishery^s current state. This study applies Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs) to assess the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of the red snapper fishery in Indonesia^s Arafura and Timor Sea. The results show strengths in Processing Owners & Managers (score: 3.5) and Post-Harvest Industry Performance (score: 3.5), reflecting solid performance in processing and post-harvest activities. However, challenges persist in Harvest Asset Performance (score: 2.0), Market Performance (score: 1.5), and Risk Management (score: 1.0). Particularly, low scores in Owners, Permit Holders & Captains (score: 1.0) highlight insufficient involvement of key stakeholders, indicating a need for improved management and operational efficiency. Economically, the fishery excels in local labor involvement and ownership, shown by Processing Workers (score: 3.5), but faces inefficiencies in Post-Harvest Asset Performance (score: 2.5) and Market Performance (score: 1.5). These suggest that while the fishery is viable, better risk management and trade mechanisms are needed for long-term stability. From a community perspective, the fishery contributes positively to social stability through strong health, sanitation, and local labor engagement. Despite these strengths, the Ecologically Sustainable Fisheries (score: 2.5) dimension indicates that ecological concerns must be more thoroughly addressed to enhance overall sustainability. In conclusion, while the fishery shows balanced performance across several dimensions, there is significant room for improvement in sustainability, economic efficiency, and social equity to ensure its continued contribution to the local economy and community livelihood. Keywords: Fishery Performance Indicators, red snapper, Arafura and Timor Sea Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kamaluddin Kasim)

72	Ocean Sciences	ABS-44
The Estimation of Vertical Mixing in Banda Sea Reni Wijayanti- Ivonne M. Radjawane Graduate Program in Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institut of Technology, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia Oceanography Study Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institut of Technology, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia Research Centre for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, 14430 Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract The Banda Sea is a sea with characteristics where it is the meeting place of the water masses from the North and South Pacific. This discovery of fusion of the water masses from both of them indicates that mixing occurred. In addition, many physical phenomena also happen there and affect vertical mixing, such as monsoons, Indonesian throughflow, upwelling, ENSO influence, and others. Vertical mixing is an important factor in determining the fertility of water. This study aims to find out how the characteristics of vertical mixing by estimating the value of vertical diffusivity (Kz) in the Banda Sea. The data used in this study was obtained from the Banda Sea Expedition by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences Ambon during the period of October 21st to 28th, 2013. The data is observation data from CTD instruments containing temperature, salinity, and depth from 20 stations spread across the Banda Sea arranged in 4 transects transversely. From the results of data processing, 8 identified water masses were found: SPIW, AAIW, PEW, ESPW, WSPW, WNPW, ENPW, and AAMW. Using the Thorpe method, the calculation of vertical diffusivity was estimated at 3 different depths, representing the mixlayer, thermoclin zone, and deep layer at each station, with an average vertical diffusivity value of 1.34x10-5 m2s-1. Spatially, it was found that the calculation estimate of vertical diffusivity was greater than that of the surrounding stations and was on the line passed by the Indonesian throughflow. Keywords: Banda Sea- Vertical Diffusivity (Kz)- Thorpe Method- Water Mass- Indonesian Througflow Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Reni Wijayanti)

73	Ocean Sciences	ABS-45
Review of The Ocean Health Index Framework: Adaptation for Marine Protected Area Governance Freshty Yulia Arthatiani (a), Mutiara Rachmat Putri (a), Lamona Irmudyawati Bernawis (a) (a) Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology^s , Bandung Institute of Technology Abstract Integrated ocean health assessment is becoming increasingly important due to the growing pressures from human activities. The Ocean Health Index (OHI) is a framework used to assess ocean health holistically by considering the benefits to humans. OHI has been applied on global and regional scales to evaluate ocean health comprehensively. On the other hand, the expansion of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) has become a global commitment through the Global Biodiversity Framework Convention as an effort towards sustainable ocean utilization. This study uses a comprehensive review method to examine the use of OHI and its potential for MPA management. The main findings indicate that: 1) The OHI framework can be adapted and customized by adjusting goals and parameters tailored to the MPA context- 2) OHI provides a comprehensive assessment of ocean health that helps identify trade-offs in achieving MPA management goals- 3) The OHI framework used in the context of MPAs must involve public and stakeholder preferences- 4) The OHI framework can be used to identify data gaps and monitoring activities- 5) OHI can generate appropriate policy and management recommendations tailored to conservation targets- and 6) OHI can be used to evaluate the success of MPAs by measuring improvements in biophysical, socio-economic, and governance conditions. The results of the ocean health index measurement simulation using CMEMS data indicate that ocean health is quite good, although due to data availability, the measurement could only be conducted for one goal, namely clean waters. Therefore, it is essential to develop a comprehensive database for the measurement of the Ocean Health Index (OHI), encompassing all ten goals of the OHI framework. This database would serve as a robust evaluation tool for the effective management of Marine Protected Areas. Keywords: Ocean Health Index- Marine Protected Area- Local- Framework- Policy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Freshty Yulia Arthatiani)

74	Ocean Sciences	ABS-48
Unveiling the Dynamics of Marine and Fisheries Violations in Indonesia Supo Dwi Diantara1,*, Irwan Meilano2, Hamzah Latief3 1 Graduate Student in Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2 Spatial System and Cadastre Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3 Environmental and Applied Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *Corresponding author: 32423306[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id Abstract Indonesia, with its vast marine and fisheries resources, holds immense potential for contributing to the nation^s economy and ensuring food security. However, these resources are increasingly threatened by various forms of maritime and fisheries violations, which can lead to significant environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity. This study aims to evaluate the dynamics of violations in Indonesia^s marine and fisheries sector, with a focus on trends in the frequency and types of violations over the period from 2017 to 2023. The research utilizes longitudinal data, supported by monitoring and surveillance efforts, to identify patterns and significant changes in the occurrence of different types of violations, including illegal fishing, the use of prohibited fishing gear, and unregulated maritime activities. The findings reveal fluctuations in the number of violations, with certain periods showing spikes in illegal activities. Additionally, the study examines the effectiveness of policies and the role of monitoring and surveillance in curbing these violations, assessing whether these measures have led to a consistent reduction in illegal practices. The analysis provides valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of current enforcement strategies, offering recommendations for improving regulatory frameworks and enhancing monitoring and surveillance mechanisms. The study concludes that while some progress has been made, there is a need for more robust and adaptive policies to address the evolving nature of violations in the marine and fisheries sector. Strengthening enforcement and enhancing cooperation among stakeholders are crucial to safeguarding Indonesia^s marine resources for future generations. Keywords: Marine and fisheries violations, Indonesia, trend analysis, policy evaluation, enforcement effectiveness, monitoring and surveillance, environmental protection. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Supo Dwi Diantara)

75	Ocean Sciences	ABS-51
Exploring Plastic Waste Sources in Fishing Ports: Strategies for Mitigation and Economic Opportunitiesust Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Tri Yuwono1*, Mutiara Rachmat Putri2, Susanna Nurdjaman2, Sakti Wahyu Trenggono1, Wahyu Indra Sakti1, David G. Ketaren1, Supo Dwi Diantara1, Syamdidi1, Freshty Yulia Arthatiani1, and Kamaluddin Kasim1ust Try to Submit This Sample Abstract 1Doctor in. Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2Environmental and Applied Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *Corresponding author Abstract Plastic waste is an escalating environmental challenge, particularly at fishing ports where its impact often goes unnoticed. While fishing activities are known contributors to this problem, the specific effects at these ports remain unclear. This study aims to quantify the potential amount of plastic debris generated, understand the sources of this waste, explore mitigation strategies, and identify opportunities for economic reuse at three major fishing ports: Nizam Zachman in Jakarta, Kejawanan in Cirebon, and Cilacap in Central Java. We gathered insights through field surveys, structured questionnaires, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The findings reveal that Nizam Zachman Fishing Port generates a significant amount of plastic waste, ranging from 71 to 498 tons per month, while Cilacap Fishing Port produces considerably less, averaging 115 to 189 kilograms monthly. Approximately 51% of the waste at these ports is plastic, originating from activities like fish unloading, office operations, and post-unloading tasks such as net and boat repairs, as well as food waste from the crew. The remaining 49% is organic waste. Interviews highlighted the shortcomings of the ISO 14001 environmental management system and the Ministry^s action plan for reducing plastic waste at these ports. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced environmental practices to prevent plastic waste from entering the ocean. However, the collected plastic waste holds untapped economic potential. By improving waste management and recycling efforts, this waste can be transformed into valuable products, contributing to a circular economy. For example, Kejawanan Fishing Port has partnered with a women^s empowerment group to create handmade bags from recycled plastic. This study offers vital insights into the plastic waste problem at fishing ports and suggests actionable strategies for its reduction and economic reuse. Keywords: sources, potential, plastic waste, fishing ports, mitigation, circular economy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tri Yuwono)

76	Ocean Sciences	ABS-52
Economic Loss Analysis Based on Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA) Method in Batukaras Village Muhammad Wahyu Al Ghifari (1), Wiwin Windupranata (2*), Alqinthara Nuraghnia (1), Intan Hayatiningsih (2) (1) Master Program of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia (2) Research Group of Hydrography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *w.windupranata[at]itb.ac.id Abstract Batukaras Village, located in Cijulang Sub-district, Pangandaran Regency, South of Java Island, Indonesia, is one of the areas that is highly vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis due to its geographical location close to the megathrust plate. Historically, a tsunami has already occurred in Pangandaran Regency on July 17, 2006 with an earthquake measuring 7.6 Mw. This study uses the results of modelling conducted using the Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA) method. The results of PTHA are in the form of tsunami height points around the coast. Therefore, this research discusses in detail the modelling that can be done to propagate tsunami waves to land areas from the PTHA results using Berryman and Smart numerical calculations. Based on the results of this modelling, potential economic losses, both direct and indirect, can be calculated. This calculation process is based on the economic valuation of the built-up land sector and productive land obtained directly through field surveys conducted on April 24-25, 2024. The results of this study show that the potential economic losses felt by the community in Batukaras Village range from 11 billion to 637 billion rupiah based on the Berryman method and range from 138 billion rupiah to 465 billion rupiah based on the Smart method, which varies depending on the return period of an earthquake. Meanwhile, for the average value of total losses from these two methods, Rp75,065,123,293 was obtained for a return period of 250 years, Rp128,511,774,971 for 500 years, Rp231,224,915,196 for 1000 years, and Rp551,678,261,963 for 2500 years. Keywords: Batukaras village- Megathrust- PTHA- Modeling- Tsunami- Wave propagation- Economic loss Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Wahyu Al Ghifari)

77	Ocean Sciences	ABS-53
Updating Coastal Ecosystem Data as One of the Steps to Strengthen the Coastal Zone Riska Ayu Safitri, Alqonita Aquilla, Aninda Octo Laila, Eka Djunarsjah Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia riskaayu434[at]gmail.com Abstract This research aims to update ecosystem data in the coastal zone as one of the coastal area management activities. Integrated coastal area management or better known as Integrated Coastal Zone Management or ICZM for short is the management of the utilization of natural resources and environmental services contained in coastal areas. The update focuses on updating the thematic map of coral reef distribution in conservation areas in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The mapping method uses Sentinel-2A image processing. The final result presents the updated RZWP-3-K map and also shows a map of coral reef distribution in conservation areas of 12,146,100 m2 in the Belitung region, 12,412,000 m2 in the South Bangka region, 4,839,000 m2 in the Central Bangka region, 3,269,800 m2 in East Belitung, and 461,900 m2 in the Tuing region. The classification results obtained an overall accuracy value of 73.82%. Keywords: Updating, RZWP-3-K Map, Coral Reef, Sentinel-2A Satellite Imagery. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riska Ayu Safitri)

78	Ocean Sciences	ABS-55
Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow Using Planktonic Foraminifera During the Last Glacial Maximum in the Makassar Strait Oktavira Dwi Demia Larasati1, Marfasran Hendrizan2, Rima Rachmayani3 Maharani Rachmawati Purnomo4, Niken Sitalaksmi Siagian4, Abyan Harahap4 Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is a cold phase in the earth from 26 to 18 kilo years ago (kya), and a massive formation of ice mass on land and in the sea at high latitudes occurred. During the LGM, in the tropical regions, the average temperature was known to be significantly cooler, ranging between 2 - 3,5 degC below the current average temperature. These conditions could influence the global thermohaline circulation, as well as the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which is part of the global thermohaline circulation. Previous studies have shown that the ITF weakens during the LGM period. However, little is known about the changes in the vertical structure and intensity of the ITF in its main pathway (the Makassar Strait) during this period. The data used in this study include marine sediment samples and secondary data from the Community Climate System Model Version 4 (CCSM4) model output. A total of 20 sediment samples from a depth of 255 - 295 cm from marine sediment TR1926B (0,227^{\circ}N, 117,790^{\circ}E, depth 616 m) collected during the TRIUMPH 2019 expedition were used as research material. The main methods used in the analysis of TR1926B marine sediments was planktonic foraminifera abundance analysis. The CCSM4 model output includes potential temperature and current velocity data from the LGM and Pre-Industrial (PI) periods. Potential temperature data were used to determine the Depth of Thermocline (DOT) and calculate the South-North (S - N) temperature gradient, while current velocity data were used to calculate the volume transport of the Indonesian Throughflow. Planktonic foraminifera abundance analysis showed that Thermocline Dwelling species was more abundant over Mixed Layer Dwelling species during 22,4 - 21,5 and 19,7 - 18 ka, indicating the shallowing of the DOT at the study site. These results were confirmed by vertical temperature profile data from the CCSM4, which showed a shallowing of the DOT by 10 meters compared to PI conditions. Furthermore, the Keywords: Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), planktonic foraminifera, Last Glacial Maximum, depth of thermocline (DOT) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Oktavira Dwi Demia Larasati)

79	Ocean Sciences	ABS-62
Analysis of Microplastics in Kejawanan Harbor Cirebon Alif Shidqie Al Bani (a*), Mutiara Rachmat Putri (b) a) Earth Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *alifshidqiealbani99[at]gmail.com b) Research Group of Oceanography, Institute Technology of Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Microplastics are plastics that have a size of <5 mm. Microplastics come from large plastics that have been degraded by physical, chemical, and biological processes over a period of time. Microplastic pollution in Indonesia has become a serious problem, in the Cirebon area in 2020 the volume of waste reached 1,319 m3 / day. There is an average of 106 kg of waste, most of which comes from human activities, found on the coast of Cirebon. One of the locations with high human activity is in Kejawanan Port Cirebon. Microplastic pollution in Kejawanan Harbor can cause losses to all aspects and harm the surrounding community. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to analyze microplastics in Kejawanan Port Cirebon. This study used data in the form of primary data, namely sea surface water samples taken directly at Kejawanan Port Cirebon. Water samples were taken at 14 different points. Points 1-4 were taken in October 2020 using a manta net with a mesh size of 350. Meanwhile, points 5-14 were taken in December 2023 using a plankton net with a mesh size of 180. Furthermore, the water samples were further analyzed in the laboratory to observe their visual form with a microscope and calculated their abundance and analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the type of polymer. Based on the results of this study in 2020 at 4 locations in Cirebon Waters, the types of microplastics found include polyethylene, polyester, vinylidene chloride, polystyrene, and polyprophylene. In 2020, the average abundance of microplastics per area and per volume was 0.579 particles/m2 and 125.3 particles/m3, respectively, with the dominating forms of microplastics being film and foam. Whereas in 2023 with sampling in 10 locations mostly in Kejawanan Harbor, the types of microplastics found were polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene, vinylidene chloride, polyester, and polyamide 6. In 2023, the average abundance of microplastics per area and per volume was 3.86 particles/m2 and 17,090.9 particles/m3 respectively with the dominating forms of microplastics being fiber and granule. Although the results between 2020 and 2023 cannot be compared exactly, the increase in area and volume of microplastics is thought to be due to anthropogenic activities and distributed by oceanographic factors, such as ocean currents and tides. Keywords: Kejawanan Harbor, microplastics, FTIR, polymer type, abundance Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alif Shidqie Al Bani)

80	Ocean Sciences	ABS-63
Keeping Fish Like It is Gold: Cold Chain Issues in Indonesian Tuna and Tuna-Like Traditional Fisheries Nicholas Sidharta Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University Abstract Between 2010 and 2020, over a thousand cases of Indonesian seafood exports were rejected by the US and Europe, leading to an estimated annual economic loss of USD 3.48 million. The primary reasons for these rejections include microbial contamination and temperature-related issues, both of which are closely tied to the lack of a proper cold chain system in Indonesia. This paper aims to describe the current practice of fish preservation method in Indonesia, compare it with best practices from Bitung and other literatures, dissect the challenges of preserving fish in Indonesia, and to provide targeted recommendations. The research employs a case study methodology, focusing on traditional tuna and tuna-like fisheries along the southern coast of Java and in Bitung. Informal interviews and observations were conducted during the first semester of 2023. Key stakeholders include coastal communities in Sadeng, Prigi, Depok, and Bitung Fishing Port, merchants at Kranggan Traditional Market Yogyakarta, and regional fish suppliers in Yogyakarta. The cold chain systems are mapped and analyzed to identify critical issues. The paper concludes with recommendations to enhance collaboration between coastal communities and policymakers, improve fish handling with adequate ice and cooling, incentivize cooling facilities at fishing ports, and explore alternative non-thermal preservation methods. Keywords: cold chain, fish preservation, case study, traditional fisheries, Indonesia Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nicholas Sidharta)

81	Ocean Sciences	ABS-66
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Shoreline Change around the Madura Strait, Bangkalan Aries Dwi Siswanto(1,2), Jihannuma Adibiyah Nurdini(1,2), Ashari Wicaksono(1,2) (1)Department of Marine Science, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia (2)Laboratory of Oceanography, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia Abstract The study of coastal dynamics is an interesting area. Mangrove deforestation is a phenomenal example of the relationship between human activities and natural processes affecting our coastlines. Because it could potentially bring a huge change to the coast around building, which is why bringing in such destruction of mangroves. Almost ten years of changes at the Bangkalan coast have shifted the balance in processes to coastal erosion compared with accretion. Understanding the patterns of changes in coastal area had been main objectives to study on Bangkalan coast. The research used time-series data images and remote sensing technology. In the findings, Abijiand estimated that coastline had an annual erosion rate of 0.45 ha from 2010 to 2024 along its whittled circumference Keywords: bangkalan, mangrove, spatiotemporal analysis, shoreline change Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aries Dwi Siswanto)

82	Ocean Sciences	ABS-74
Oceanographic Observation of Two Inlet Lagoons, Study Case : Segara Anakan Lagoon Putri Farhaniah Zuldis, Faruq Khadami Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Segara Anakan, located in the western part of Cilacap city, Central Java, is one of the estuaries that has two entrances in the east and west. Dynamics in Segara Anakan are influenced by two components, namely tides and currents due to river flow. For this reason, in order to obtain an up-to-date picture of Segara Anakan, survey activities were conducted at the end of April 2024 using primary data collection methods at high and low tides using ADCP, CTD, and Tide Gauge. The Observation Station is Citanduy and Klaces. The calculation of these parameters includes differences in salinity, density, bouyancy frequency values and vertical shear. In Citanduy, the average salinity reached 0.1 psu. In Klaces, the average salinity reached 20 psu. The spatial variation shows that the closer to the west entrance, the higher the salinity, showing a value of 32 psu and the tidal confluence occurs in the center of Segara Anakan or in Klaces. Current patterns in Citanduy estuary show that the dominant current is river current while the current pattern in Klaces is dominant tidal current. Keywords: Estuary, Tidal, Current due to River flow, Data observation, Segara Anakan Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Putri Farhaniah Zuldis)

83	Ocean Sciences	ABS-75
The accuracy of turbidity by midi secchi disc and Hydrocolor application in Cirebon waters Angelina Diva Vicario (a), Lamona Bernawis (b*), Liza Kurnia Mansur (c), Mochamad Riam Badriana (d), Robert J. Brewin (e), Mutiara R. Putri (b), Adriani Sunuddin (f) a) Oceanography Study Program, Facuty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB b) Environmental and Applied Oceanography Research Group, Facuty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB *lamona[at]itb.ac.id c) Study Program magister of Earth Science, Facuty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB d) Marine Technology Cooperation Research Center (MTCRC) e) University of Exeter, UK f) Associate Professor, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia Abstract Cirebon Waters holds a lot of potential in it, including as a place where many community activities take place in surrounding areas. This potential is not fully utilised due to the lack of information in these areas. In addition, the monitoring of the surrounding waters has not provided enough information, especially the turbidity parameter. In fact, information about a water body is very important for the development of the region. The observation of water quality can be conducted by in situ measurment, but direct measurement is considered to require extra work and cost. The development of a midi secchi disk and HydroColor application is expected to support citizenscience in communities in the Cirebon Waters. The minimalist shape of the midi secchi disk and the ease of accessing the midi secchi disk and HydroColor application are expected to simplify the observation of seawater quality. From this research, it was found that turbidity in Cirebon Waters ranged from 1,6-3,6 FTU. In this study, the accuracy of the two tools will be studied and the relationship of the results obtained with turbidity in Cirebon Waters to determine the condition of turbidity in the area by using Pearson correlation and p-value. The correlation between Forel-Ule scale parameter and electronic turbidity sensor data is relative high, with a correlation coefficient equal to R = 0.595 and the p-value is 0,0000408. Further development of the midi secchi disk and HydroColor needs to be done with some adjustments to develop science in the community. Keywords: Turbidity- Water Quality- Midi Secchi Disk- HydroColor- Citizenscience Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Angelina Diva Vicario)

84	Ocean Sciences	ABS-76
Intensity of Indonesian Throughflow during the Heinrich Stadial 1 Period in the Makassar Strait Using Planktonic Foraminifera Approach Niken Sitalaksmi Siagian (a*), Marfasran Hendrizan (b), Rima Rachmayani (c), Dian Handiani (d) a) Study Program of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia *niken.sitalaksmi[at]gmail.com b) Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment Research Group, Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, Research Organization for Earth Sciences and Maritime, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Jl. Sangkuriang, Bandung 40135, West Java, Indonesia c) Research Group of Environmental and Applied Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia d) Geodetic Engineering Program Study, Faculty of Civil and Planning Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional - Itenas Bandung, PHH Mustofa street, No. 23, West Java, Indonesia Abstract The Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS 1) was a deglacial event in the North Atlantic that occurred approximately 18,000 to 15,000 years ago. During this period, there was a reduction in the volume of warm tropical surface water flow to the North Atlantic such that heat accumulated in the Southern Hemisphere and tropical regions, including Indonesia. This inhibition of the distribution of sea surface water flow affects ocean and atmospheric circulation both regionally and globally. The objective of this study is to determine the paleoceanographic conditions in the Makassar Strait and to investigate the relationship between planktonic foraminifera abundance and changes in the intensity of the Indonesian Throughflow, using the marine sediment core TR1926B (0.227^{\circ}N, 117.790^{\circ}E, 616 m water depth). The Depth of Thermocline (DOT) was determined through a foraminifera analysis, which indicated that thermocline dwellers constituted 50-78% of the population, while mixed layer dwellers accounted for 21-49%. The foraminifera analysis yielded evidence that the DOT was undergoing a process of shallower. These findings were corroborated by the results of the vertical temperature profile, which indicated a shallower of 7.5 meters in comparison to the modern profile. The cause of DOT shallower in the Makassar Strait is suggested due to an El Ni\tilde{n}o-like phenomenon. The intensity of ITF is also known to have weakened based on the S-N temperature gradient (south (S)-north (N)). Keywords: Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS 1), Makassar Strait, Planktonic Foraminifera Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Niken Sitalaksmi Siagian)

85	Ocean Sciences	ABS-77
Application of Thresholding Method using Sentinel-1 for Shoreline Stability Analysis around Bangkalan Coast Fahmi Arifin1, Ashari Wicaksono1,2*, and Aries Dwi Siswanto1,2 1Department of Marine Science, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia 2Laboratory of Oceanography, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia *ashari.wicaksono[at]trunojoyo.ac.id Abstract Shorelines change due to physical, natural, and artificial properties. Shoreline are dynamic and interesting to analysis, specially around Bangkalan coastal areas. Although the coastal characteristic is dominated by mud substrates, the dynamics of shoreline change in several locations show significant changes. Sentinel-1 imagery is an alternative for shoreline studies because it has high spatial resolution and temporal frequency and is applied to the thresholding method to separate land and water profiles. This study aims to analyze changes around the coastline in Bangkalan using Sentinel-1 imagery based on the thresholding method. The results of the analysis show that some areas along the coastline in Bangkalan have significant changes, both abrasion and accretion. Keywords: bangkalan, sentinel-1, shoreline change, thresholding Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fahmi Arifin)

86	Ocean Sciences	ABS-78
Identification of Metocean Parameters Affecting Coastal Flooding in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia Anita Sari, Faruq Khadami, Muhammad Rais Abdillah Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Coastal flooding is a phenomenon in which sea water enters and inundates the land. Semarang City is one of the coastal areas in Indonesia that is vulnerable to coastal flooding. Some of the factors that affect coastal flooding include tides, sea level rise, land subsidence, and meteorological factors. This research investigates the phenomenon of non-tidal water elevation, examining its relationship with sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data, wind speed, and rainfall. This study used water elevation data from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency at the Tanjung Emas Maritime Meteorological Station in Semarang for 4,8 years (May 2018 - December 2022). The threshold for the definition of coastal flooding used in this study is the non-tidal elevation that exceeds the data^s standard deviation. The analysis reveals that coastal flooding in Semarang City has strong seasonal characteristics, with varying intensity depending on the season. The highest number and intensity of coastal floods occurred in May with 90 days and June with 89 days, followed by the highest intensity in May with a tidal intensity of 0,2107 m and in January with a tidal intensity of 0,1922 m. This peak in the number of coastal flood events coincides with the seasonal increase in SSHA. The analysis of the composite mean of coastal flooding events revealed that SSHA and wind speed were the most influential meteorological parameters. Keywords: Coastal Flooding, Semarang City, Non-Tidal Elevation, Sea Surface Height Anomaly, Wind Speed, Rainfall. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anita Sari)

87	Ocean Sciences	ABS-91
Coastal Inundation and Vulnerability Assessment in Bekasi and Karawang Regencies, North Coast of Java Hamzah Latief, Adin Adli Irfani, Karina Aprilia Sujatmiko (*), Ahmad Ilham Erawan, Faruq Khadami Study program of Oceanography, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *karinaas[at]itb.ac.id Abstract The North Coast of Java, including Bekasi and Karawang Regencies, is a densely populated and economically significant region that is highly vulnerable to coastal hazards due to its low-lying topography, proximity to the Java Sea, and sedimentation processes. This study assesses the risk of coastal inundation, vulnerability, and shoreline changes in these areas. The bathtub inundation model was utilized to project coastal inundation scenarios under various sea-level rise scenarios.The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) was employed to evaluate coastal vulnerability based on factors such as slope,tidal range, wave height, sea-level rise, coastal geomorphology, coastal protection, and erosion rate. Additionally,historical shoreline changes were analyzed to understand coastal dynamics. The results indicate that Bekasi and Karawang Regencies have been classified as having a very high coastal vulnerability due to unconsolidated sediments, gentle slopes, and high tidal ranges. While some rudimentary coastal protection measures have been implemented by local communities, these are generally insufficient to mitigate the effects of erosion and inundation. The CVI values in Bekasi and Karawang Regencies vary significantly, with vulnerability being exacerbated by the lack of robust coastal protection structures such as embankments, seawalls, revetments, or groynes. Historical shoreline analysis reveals a dynamic coastline subject to both abrasion and sedimentation processes. The risk of inundation has been assessed based on factors such as highest tides, sea-level rise, storm surges, and La Nina events. 22 sub-districts in both regencies are at risk of inundation, affecting 3,204 buildings/structures, 569.01 km of roads, 102 educational/research facilities, 8 health facilities, and 1 steam power plant. Although the overall risk level is currently low due to limited inundation heights, there are areas with high risk due to the intersection of moderate submergence and high vulnerability. This study highlights the urgent need for effective adaptation measures to address the challenges posed by sea-level rise and climate change in the North Coast of Java. Keywords: Coastal, Vulnerability, Climate Change, Java Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (karina aprilia sujatmiko)

88	Ocean Sciences	ABS-93
Increasing water turbidity impact on the rich biodiversity area of Berau Estuary and Kakaban-Derawan Islands Andi Egon (a,b*), Faruq Khadami (a,b), Karina Aprilia Sujatmiko (a,b), Farrah Hanifah (1) and Ayi Tarya (1,2) a. Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia, b. Centre for Coastal and Marine Development, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia *aegon[at]itb.ac.id Abstract Turbidity plays a crucial role in the coastal and marine environment. Global climate change, which encompasses heightened precipitation, severe weather occurrences, and elevated cloudiness, can have a profound impact on coastal and marine biodiversity, namely coral reefs. The study region is located on the Berau continental shelf (BCS) on Kalimantan^s eastern coast in Indonesia. The ocean receives its turbid water primarily from the Berau estuary. The BCS region boasts a high abundance of coastal and marine biodiversity, including various fish species, green turtles, manta rays, seagrass ecosystems, and coral reefs. Notably, the famous Derawan Islands, situated about 75 km from the shore, are particularly rich in these natural wonders. The BCS, located in the central Indo-West Pacific, is a part of the Coral Triangle. In terms of biodiversity, it is the second-highest ranking area in Indonesia, after the Raja Ampat Islands in Papua. Experts estimate the area to contain a minimum of 500 species. The research region underwent an evaluation of potential future scenarios in relation to global climate change, utilising the Delft3D-Flow model. This model simulated scenarios of heightened precipitation intensity using the estimation rate derived from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report. This text provides an examination of how global climate change affects the Berau Coastal System (BCS). The main focus is on determining and measuring the rise in turbidity that originates from the Berau estuary and spreads over the open ocean, including its influence on the vulnerable biological receptors in the Derawan Islands. Subsequent analysis will utilise this assessment to identify the most significant alteration in land use in the Berau Estuary upstream, with the aim of mitigating the adverse effects of global climate change on the BCS coastal and marine environment. Keywords: Berau, estuaries, turbidity, Delft3D, climate change. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (karina aprilia sujatmiko)

89	Ocean Sciences	ABS-98
Analysis of Marine Ecology During the Last Warming Period of Bolling-Allerod Based on the Abundance and Diversity of Planktonic Foraminifera in the Makassar Strait Maharani Rachmawati Purnomo (a), Marfasran Hendrizan (b), Rima Rachmayani (c), Niken Sitalaksmi Siagian (a), Muhammad Abyan Nauli Harahap (a), Oktavira Dwi Demia Larasati (a) a) Study Program of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia *rachmaharanii[at]gmail.com b) Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment Research Group, Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, Research Organization for Earth Sciences and Maritime, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Jl. Sangkuriang, Bandung 40135, West Java, Indonesia c) Research Group of Environmental and Applied Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha, No. 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia Abstract Foraminifera is one of the proxies used to reconstruct paleo-global climate change, including the condition of marine ecosystems. This study focuses on the last Bolling-Allerod (B/A) warming period (13,102-14,920 bp). Reconstruction of paleo-ecology in this study uses analysis of the abundance and diversity of planktonic foraminifera. Furthermore, the relationship between marine ecology was analyzed to reconstruct thermocline depth as seen from the comparison of thermocline dwellers with mixed layer dwellers, climate condition and Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) intensity in the Makassar Strait. Observations on 5 sediment samples, 10 genera and 17 species of planktonic foraminifera were obtained. The most dominant species in the study area are Globigerinita glutinata and Globigerinoides ruber, species that inhabit mixed layers and water paleo-productivity tends to be low. In this period, the thermocline dwellers value was 39.76-47.31% (average 42.62%), indicating a deeper thermocline layer^s depth and strengthen Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). The change in depth of thermocline (DOT) that occurred at sediment core location (TR1926-B) are thought to be associated with the shift in the ITCZ, the dominance of the western monsoon, and a La Nina-like phenomenon around Indonesia. The results of foraminifera assemblage at sediment core (TR1926-B) were influenced by paleo-ecology changes. At the end of B/A period, there was an increase in mixed layer dwellers. Cooling conditions were found in the middle of the B/A period, characterized by a decrease in the abundance of Globigerinita glutinata, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, and Trilobatus trilobus. A decrease in the abundance of Globigerina bulloides and small amount of Globototalia sp characterized oligotrophic paleo-ecology conditions. Keywords: Planktonic foraminifera abundance, Bolling-Allerod, DOT, ITF, Makassar Strait Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Maharani Rachmawati Purnomo)

90	Ocean Sciences	ABS-99
Constraints-Innovations and Driving Factor of Lobster Aquaculture with A Bibliometric Approach I Nengah Putra Winata1, Gede Suantika2, Susanna Nurdjaman3, Cornelia Mirwantini4 1 Graduate Student in Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2 Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Science and Technology, Bandung Insititute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3 Environmental and Applied Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 4 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia, Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16, Jakarta Pusat, 10110 Indonesia Abstract Lobster farming in Indonesia has seen significant growth over the past decade due to the high demand for lobsters both domestically and internationally. The potential for expanding this industry is vast, considering the rich coastal ecosystems and natural resources that support lobster cultivation. However, despite the promise of economic and ecological benefits, the development of lobster farming faces several challenges. These challenges include limitations in seed availability, environmental degradation, disease outbreaks, and inefficient farming practices. Furthermore, regulatory and policy barriers, combined with a lack of coordination among stakeholders, further hinder the progress of sustainable lobster farming. Therefore, innovations in technology, farming methods, and policy frameworks are essential to overcome these challenges and ensure the success of this industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze gaps related to constraints and innovations in lobster farming using a literature search approach with bibliometric analysis. This analysis uses reputable journals on program coordination through the VOSviewer application. A total of 992 journals were analyzed with keywords focusing on constraints, innovation of spiny lobster farming, and driving factors in the last five years. Findings based on Network Visualization in VOSViewer formed five clusters consisting of 144 items. Findings based on Overlay Visualization show that most research related to the dominant topic was conducted around 2021. Findings based on Density Visualization highlight several under-explored topics in the last five years, offering opportunities for future research. In addition to VOSViewer, LitMaps was used as an analysis tool, resulting in 10 key questions for further exploration. Keywords: Lobster, Constraint Innovation, Driving Factor, Bibliometric, Vosviewer, LitMap Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (I Nengah Putra Winata)

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