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31	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-18
Preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of fan-attached jackets in improving thermal comfort Ryoga HIROKI (a*), Do Ngoc KHANH (b), Alvin C. G. VARQUEZ (a), Atsushi INAGAKI (a), Kanda MANABU (a) a) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan * hiroki.r.aa[at]m.titech.ac.jp b) Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Abstract It is necessary to consider various adaptation methods in the context of global climate change and urbanization, which are causing health and social risks. This study investigated the effectiveness of using fan-attached jackets as a thermal comfort adaptation measure for daily situations with consideration of the dynamic physical and psychological responses of the human body to the thermal environment in Japan. By doing the outdoor experiment with wearable observation devices, we identified the potential effectiveness of fan-attached jackets such as the reduction of discomforts while walking during summer and acceleration of recovery to a comfortable state afterward. The findings suggest that fan-attached jackets can alleviate both physiological and psychological thermal stress in warm conditions. This study would contribute to the future use of fan-attached jackets of heat adaptations for daily use. Keywords: Thermal Comfort, Thermal environment, Adaptation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ryoga Hiroki)

32	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-20
The Uncertainty of Extreme Precipitation Events in West Java Region, Indonesia Yan Firdaus Permadhi (a,d), Catherine Bradshaw (b,c), Ari Kurniadi (d), Hussein Rappel (a) a) Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, United Kingdom b) The Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, United Kingdom c) Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, United Kingdom d) Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG), Indonesia Abstract Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events worldwide, with West Java, Indonesia, particularly vulnerable to intense precipitation. These events contribute significantly to hydrometeorological disasters, such as floods and landslides, making understanding their characteristics and associated uncertainties essential. This study quantifies the uncertainty of extreme precipitation events in West Java using Bayesian Inference approach combined with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for estimating parameters of the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions. We analyze daily CHIRPS data, concentrating on the December to February (DJF) period, when historically West Java experiences the highest frequency of extreme rainfall events and related disasters. Our results reveal significant uncertainty in estimating extreme precipitation across diverse topographies, including urban, mountainous, and coastal areas represented by Bogor, Bandung, and Jatiwangi. The spatial patterns of the derived GEV parameters closely align with observed precipitation patterns, providing a clearer understanding of extreme rainfall dynamics in the region. To enhance the robustness of future research, we recommend integrating high-resolution regional climate models with the statistical methods used in this study. Extending the temporal scope beyond the DJF period could offer a more comprehensive view of extreme event variability. Further investigation of the primary drivers of uncertainty, along with long-term climate projections, will be crucial in assessing the subsequent impacts of climate change on extreme precipitation events in West Java. Keywords: Extreme precipitation, Uncertainty, GEV distribution, Bayesian inference, MCMC Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yan Firdaus Permadhi)

33	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-30
Inter-comparison of present and future urban climates of three cities considering multiple CMIP6 scenarios and urbanization JIN XIAO, Do Ngoc Khanh, Alvin C.G. Varquez, Manabu Kanda, Ihara Tomohiko and Norihiro Itsubo Dept. of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology (2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan) Abstract Rising climate hazards in urban areas, driven by global warming and urbanization, are intensifying extreme weather events, threatening socioeconomic well-being. This study employs the pseudo-global warming method to project future climate and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), which assesses human thermal comfort by considering temperature, humidity, wind, and radiation. We analyze all months of 2050 under three CMIP6 scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370), incorporating urbanization effects (i.e. spatial changes in distribution of buildings and anthropogenic heating) for Tokyo, Cairo, and Jakarta. With a humid subtropical climate, Tokyo faces population decline reducing AHE in the future. Cairo^s arid desert climate contends with overpopulation. With a tropical monsoon climate, Jakarta is assumed to experience rapid urbanization. We find global warming affect the extreme values of near-surface temperatures in three cities and the effects are more pronounced in Jakarta and Cairo compared to Tokyo. Urbanization in Jakarta cause UTCI increases in the northwestern and central areas across all scenarios, varying by month. Near-surface temperatures decrease in the northeastern areas but increases in central Jakarta. In Cairo, urbanization generally leads to increases in both UTCI and near-surface temperature throughout the year for all scenarios, except for October under SSP245. Despite warming induced by background climate change, Tokyo will exhibit lower temperature increases in near-surface temperature under future urban conditions, primarily due to a declining population and reduced anthropogenic heat emissions. However, occasional UTCI increases were found on certain months and scenarios. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP21H04573, JP21K14249, JP23H03599. Keywords: CMIP6 scanarios, urbanization, weather forecasting, universal thermal comfort index Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (XIAO JIN)

34	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-32
The Paroxysmal Eruption of Ruang Volcano, Indonesia Heruningtyas Desi Purnamasari1,2, Sulistiyani1, Yasa Suparman1, Nugraha Kartadinata1, Sofyan Primulyana1, Asep Saepuloh2, Mirzam Abdurrachman2, Hadi P. Wijaya1, Hendra Gunawan3 1 Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia 2 Mineral and Coal Engineering and Environment, Directorate General of Mineral and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia 3 Geological Engineering, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia Abstract Ruang is an active volcano located on Ruang Island, the northern side of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Based on the eruptive history, Ruang volcano erupted in 1871 with the activity of a landslide at the summit that generated a tsunami on Tagulandang and Buhias Island. After 150 years, Ruang volcano erupted again on April 17 and 30, 2024. There was a significant increase in seismic activity before the eruptions, such as two tectonic earthquakes on April 9 and 14, 2024, which were felt by volcano observers at the Ruang Volcano Observatory on Tagulandang Island. On April 11, five deep volcano-tectonic (VTA) earthquakes were recorded which then increased drastically to 146 VTA earthquakes on April 16. The first eruption occurred on April 16 at 10:00 local time. The people at Ruang Island reported the felt earthquakes and rumbling sounds, so on April 16, 900 people evacuated from Ruang Volcano Island to Tagulandang Island. On April 17 01.08 local time, there was a paroxysmal eruption with the eruption plume reaching more than 2,500 meters. The eruption continues with the vibrations felt and a rumbling sound heard from Tagulandang Island. On April 29, the earthquakes were felt by the people within a radius of 6 km from the summit of Ruang volcano. On April 30, a paroxysmal eruption took place with the eruption plume reaching more than 5,000 meters above the summit. The explosions, pyroclastic flow, and incandescent lava ejection took place from 01.15 to 05.30 local time. The entire island of Ruang was hit by thick deposits of hot clouds, volcanic ashes, and gravel. Thick volcanic ash rain took place on the west side of the volcano and paralyzed the operation of Sam Ratulangi Airport in Manado, North Sulawesi and even reached Kalimantan Island. Based on the field survey after the eruption, the ejection of incandescent rocks with a diameter of 4 cm was spread up to a distance of 8 km from the summit, 5 cm diameter rocks were found to a distance of 7 km from the summit, and 6 cm diameter rocks were found at a distance of 5 km from the center of the activity. After these 2 major eruptions, the activity of Ruang Volcano gradually returned to normal. The eruptions were paroxysmal, but due to proper crisis management, good cooperation and coordination between stakeholders, there were no fatalities during this disaster. Keywords: Ruang volcano, paroxysmal eruption, Indonesia Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (heruningtyas desi purnamasari)

35	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-34
Analysis of Damage and Losses to Education and Health Facilities Caused by Tsunamis in Coastal Areas of North Sulawesi Riantini Virtriana, Muhammad Rizky Altasya, Irwan Meilano, Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung Abstract According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Indonesia has experienced a total of 246 tsunami events from the year 416 to 2018. In recent years, the Central Sulawesi region has faced various natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, and liquefaction. A magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck Palu and Donggala, resulting in significant impacts. This disaster caused moderate damage to 2,736 school units and severe damage to 22 units, which included hospitals and health centers. Areas near the earthquake epicenter are particularly prone to tsunami threats, especially the Minahasa Islands, the northern part of Mongondow, and the northern part of Gorontalo. The North Coast of North Sulawesi and Gorontalo is predicted to have a high vulnerability to tsunamis. Megathrust earthquakes, resulting from plate movements in the sea, are the primary sources of potential tsunamis in the region. A tsunami inundation map was generated using modeled tsunami scenarios comprising 22 scenarios, with two types: predictive and historical. Predictive scenarios are based on the potential occurrence of the largest earthquake magnitudes, while historical scenarios are based on past earthquake events. Tsunami incidents inevitably affect buildings with high economic value and functionality. This research aims to calculate the damage and economic loss to educational and healthcare facilities. Three crucial factors contribute to vulnerability in healthcare facilities: design specifications for building structures, site selection, and materials, all of which should adhere to standards for withstanding natural disasters. Policymakers must consider this risk and implement measures, including assessing the risk of residing in permanent buildings in tsunami-prone areas. Calculating the vulnerability of buildings to disaster-induced damage is essential for preparing anticipatory measures that can minimize economic losses. Data availability is crucial for determining damage and economic losses due to tsunami disasters. This assessment depends on data from potential tsunami hazards, including administrative boundary data, exposure, tsunami hazard data, building prices, and vulnerability curves. This data can estimate the level of damage and economic losses in the research area. The method used for determining damage involves curve fitting based on the vulnerability curve of the 2006 Pangandaran tsunami. The dominant taxonomy structure for both school and health buildings in all sub-districts is the one-story MCF taxonomy. The total number of damaged educational facilities is 412, and for health facilities, it is 9, due to the tsunami disaster. Economic losses are calculated from the damage index, HSGBN, and the total building area. The total economic loss for school buildings is estimated to be 732.8 billion, while the total economic loss for health facility buildings is estimated to be 26.25 billion, caused by the tsunami disaster. Keywords: Tsunami, Building Damage Detection, Risk Assessment, School Building, Health Facility Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riantini Virtriana)

36	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-38
Vulnerability of Java Southern Sea marine energy potential to climate change and climate variability Putri Mutianingsih (a,b*), Zuhda Nur Prabowo (a,b), Hendra Kurniawan (b) *mutia.putri[at]gmail.com a) Earth Sciences Master Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology b) PT. PLN (Persero) Abstract The development of marine energy as one of the energy transition options in Indonesia faces many technical and non-technical challenges. Marine energy that utilizes waves, ocean currents, and potential temperature differences heavily depends on natural conditions that are rather difficult to predict. Global climate change affects the movement of oceans and changes the physical parameters of the oceans (such as sea surface height, wavelength, wind, and temperature). By utilizing the climate data from 1993-2022, the result shows the increase in sea level temperature, sea level up to sea wave movement in the southern sea of Java. Besides, Monsoon and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as climate variability, also contribute to the fluctuation of marine energy potential. This study identifies that the southern sea of Java Island, namely in the location of 3 (three) Coal-Fired Power Plants (Pelabuhan Ratu CFPP, Adipala CFPP, and Pacitan CFPP) has significant potential for wave energy, ocean currents, and Ocean Thermal Energy Conservation (OTEC), this potential is correlated either positively or negatively with the climate variability that occurs. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of climate data integration in the planning and development of marine energy infrastructure in Indonesia to ensure sustainability and energy resilience in the future. Keywords: Marine Energy- Climate Change- Climate Variability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Putri Mutianingsih)

37	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-42
Identification of Internal Waves on Lombok Strait using Sentinel-1 Imagery Muhammad Abdurrachman Rizqi1*, Budhy Soeksmantono2, Agung Budi Harto2, Totok Suprijo3 and Nining Sari Ningsih3 1 Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia 2 Geographic Information Science and Technology Research Group, Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia 3 Oceanography Research Group, Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Internal waves (IWs) are wave-forming phenomena that occur in the water column due to water stratification. This phenomenon can disrupt naval operations, such as depth control and detection capability, resulting in submarine sub sunk. The Lombok Strait itself is well known as one of Indonesia^s main throughflow pathways, where water is exchanged between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The wide and deep characteristics of the Lombok Strait make it suitable for submarines to maneuver there. Therefore, detecting the Lombok Strait for IWs is critical to prevent undesirable occurrences when submarines pass through. This study uses 10 meters resolution Sentinel-1 satellite imagery to identify IWs in the Lombok Strait and north of Bali Sea. Sampling was done by processing 20 image scenes on 10 different dates, comprising 5 dates before and 5 dates after the disappearance of the KRI Nanggala 402 submarine. The results showed that internal waves were observed on April 18 and April 30, 2021, with solitons in the Lombok Strait and north of Bali Sea, showing increasing length and spacing as they propagated. On April 30, a large internal wave packet near Kangean Island was detected, with solitons ranging from 32 to 111 km. These waves exhibited varied directions, moving both north (N) and west-northwest (WNW). This study suggests that internal waves, which were active during mid to late April, may have influenced the KRI Nanggala 402 submarine incident. Keywords: Internal waves (IWs), Lombok Strait, Sentinel-1 imagery, KRI Nanggala 402, Solitons propagation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Abdurrachman Rizqi)

38	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-49
The Impact of ENSO Phenomena on Electricity Production at Mrica Hydroelectric Power Plant in Central Java (2013-2023) Kevin Sahat Parsaulian (ab*), Muhammad Rais Abdillah (c), Lamona Irmudyawati Bernawis (d) *sahatkevin[at]gmail.com a) UID Jakarta Raya, PT PLN (Persero) b) Earth Science Master Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB c) Atmospheric Science Research Group, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB d) Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB Abstract This study investigates the impact of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on electricity production at the Mrica Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA Mrica) in Central Java from 2013 to 2023. ENSO is global climate phenomenon, influences rainfall and water flow in various regions, including Indonesia. Data on rainfall and water flow from the Serayu River were analyzed to determine how ENSO affects the operational efficiency of PLTA Mrica. The study reveals that strong El Nino events, such as those in 2015, significantly reduced water flow, leading to decreased electricity production. Conversely, the La Nina event in 2020 increased water flow, enhancing electricity production. The findings underscore the critical need for adaptive water resource management and continuous monitoring to optimize electricity generation at PLTA Mrica, particularly in the face of climate variability induced by ENSO. This research contributes to understanding the relationship between climate phenomena and hydroelectric power generation. Keywords: ENSO, Hydroelectric Power Plant, Water Resource Management Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kevin Sahat Parsaulian)

39	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-50
Minimum Requirement for Debris Flow Modelling Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Indra A. Dinata (a, b*), Imam A. Sadisun (a, b), Prihadi Soemintadiredja (a), and Lambok M. Hutasoit (a) a) Applied Geology Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia *indraandradinata[at]gmail.com b) Research Centre for Disaster Mitigation, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia Abstract The debris flow can be modeled using physical and mathematical modelling methods based on rheological property measurements and movement parameters. Some software commonly used for debris flow modelling include Debris2D, Flo-2D, Kanako 2D, RAMMS, Riverflow2D, and TRIGRS. This mentioned software have different analysis methods. The analysis used has a very good part for modeling debris flow. However, there are still parts of the analysis that still have shortcomings in modeling one of the debris flow parameters. The deficiency of the currently developed model (two phase debris flow) is the debris material segregation process. The debris material segregation process is approached by refining the volume changes behavior model in debris flow which erodes river geometry and maybe deposited when flowing. The numerical simulation which may better to modelling the volume change behavior uses smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) from the momentum and energy equation. The governing equations are continuity and momentum equations in Lagrangian form. The process for solid and liquid phases modeling simultaneously can be assisted by the Coulomb Grain Flow Equation which was developed into the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou model. The SPH implementation uses DualSPHysics open-source code which can be further developed according to needs with the C++ programming language and compute unified device architecture (CUDA). The lack aspect of SPH model need the most advance processing unit (CPU/GPU) to process it. In this research, the suitable processing unit to modelling debris flow using SPH is NVIDIA GeForce 4090. Keywords: debris flow, deterministic modelling, smoothed particle hydrodynamics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indra Andra Dinata)

40	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-54
OpeningFracture Robustness Analysis of Talang Akar of the South Sumatra Shale Due to Hydraulic Fracturing based on Geomechanical Parameters Dwi Tunggal AP, Edy SUnardi, Bagus Endar Padjadjaran Univ, Padjadjaran Univ, ITB Abstract Abstract. Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, is a technique widely used in the extraction of gas from shale gas reservoirs, especially those characterized by low permeability. The main goal of this process is to produce artificial fractures that increase the free flow of gas to the surface. These fractures are kept open with a supporting material called proppant. The success of hydraulic fracturing relies heavily on a comprehensive understanding of geomechanical parameters. These parameters cover a wide range of geomechanical properties, including but not limited to permeability, Young^s modulus, Poisson^s ratio, friction angle, formation pressure, and existing geological and tectonic conditions. Analyzing these parameters is critical to understanding rock behavior under pressure, applied forces, and proppant resistance in sustaining artificial fractures. Hydraulic fracturing design is a complex process that takes into account factors such as injection pressure, proppant selection, and fracture geometry. Geomechanical studies play an important role in predicting long-term fracture behavior, and the use of 3D modeling of pore and fracture pressures is critical in the design and optimization of hydraulic fracturing processes, ultimately increasing the productivity of oil and gas wells. Anisotropy in shale formations indicates the heterogeneity of the physical and mechanical properties of shale rocks in various directions. These characteristics are particularly important in the context of shale gas production, because anisotropy influences the mechanical strength, permeability, fracture orientation, and shrinkage behavior of shale rocks during gas extraction. Alignment of shale layers plays an important role in well stability and gas production efficiency. Pores parallel to the layers exhibit varying degrees of permeability, and fractures parallel to these layers may serve as preferential channels for gas flow. In addition, the shrinkage behavior of shales can vary depending on the direction of the layers. The Talang Akar Formation, located in the South Sumatra Basin, has quite large shale gas potential. This formation was deposited in a slack phase with low depositional energy during the transgression period, resulting in abundant shale deposits. It is known for its shallow marine depositional environment with Type II/III kerogen and lakes with Type III kerogen. Geologically, the Talang Akar Shale is believed to be the dominant source rock of commercial hydrocarbons in the basin, thus demonstrating its potential as a shale for oil and gas extraction. Advanced seismic data processing techniques, such as seismic attribute and spectral decomposition, indicate that certain areas within the formation are estimated to have a Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content greater than 2%, qualifying the area as hydrocarbon shale. The study of unconventional oil and gas resources in the Talang Akar and Lahat/Lemat Formations is estimated to be quite large with potential reserves reaching 4200 MMBOE (Million Barrels of Oil Equivalent). This highlights the formation^s promise as a significant contributor to the future of energy resources. For further study and exploration, geophysical methods such as seismic inversion and seismic attribute analysis can be applied to predict TOC distribution and fragility index, especially in the center of the basin where the shale quality is interpreted to be better than the flanks. The relatively young age of the shale compared to North American shale suggests that the Talang Akar shale may be less brittle, with brittleness index values likely ranging between 40% - 70%. One of the main problems for the success of hydraulic fracturing is estimating the stress parameters of the subsurface stress and the strength of the fracture plane to support the proppant granules. Therefore, they remain open after the hydraulic fractional fracturing process. These proppant granules should maintain the fracture opening after the hydraulic fracturing process for as long as possible. The robustness of maintaining rock fracture openings after hydraulic fracturing depends on the strength of the rock and subsurface stress. In this paper, we present various parameters that influence the robustness of fracture planes in the Talang Akar Shale formation, namely the subsurface pressure pattern of the Talang Akar formation, South Sumatra. Geomechanical parameters that directly influence the robustness of fracture planes to subsurface pressure, namely yield parameters at varying depths. , mineral content of Talang Akar Shale, and elastic parameters that have the most potential to be predicted. Keywords: hydraulic fracturing, Yield stress, fracture Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Tunggal Adi Prayanto)

41	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-57
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Strain and Seismicity in Kalimantan: Insights into Regional Seismic Hazard Potential Yuliastuti, Irwan Meilano, Nanang T. Puspito, Susilo Institut Teknologi Bandung Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Abstract This study examines the spatio-temporal correlation between seismicity and strain-rate models in Kalimantan. The analysis aims to elucidate patterns of earthquake occurrence by investigating processes of earthquake loading and unloading. Strain-rate data were obtained from 85 continuous GPS observation stations, while seismicity data comprised relocated earthquakes from 1905 to 2022. The strain-seismicity correlation was calculated by comparing cumulative geodetic potency rates with seismicity counts. Spatial analysis revealed that 50% of the regions with the highest strain rates account for 80.56% of the recorded M>=6 earthquakes, indicating a strong correlation between strain rate and seismicity. This relationship suggests the potential of strain rates as effective predictors of seismic activity. For temporal analysis, seismicity data were segmented into several periods: 1957-1967, 1968-1978, 1979-1989, 1990-2000 and 2001-2022. During the 1957-1967 period, the seismicity curve was significantly below the potency-rate curve, indicating a diffused pattern characterized as the accumulation phase. In contrast, the 1968-1978 period showed the seismicity curve approaching the potency-rate curve, suggesting a transition to the localization phase where seismic activity became more concentrated in high strain-rate areas. The 1979-1989 period showed the seismicity curve substantially above the potency-rate curve, indicating that earthquakes predominantly occurred in high strain-rate zones, corresponding to the rupture phase. These findings provide valuable insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of seismicity in Kalimantan, with implications for regional seismic hazard assessment. Keywords: earthquake patterns,seismic hazard, strain-seismicity relationship Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yuliastuti Yuliastuti)

42	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-59
Spatio-Temporal Detection Of Seawater Intrusion Using Satellite Data In Pekalongan City (Central Java) Indira Wido Primadipta (a,b*), Asep Saepuloh (a), Rima Rachmayani (c) a) Geological Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia *indira[at]maritim.go.id or indirawido[at]gmail.com b) Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment, Jakarta, Indonesia c) Earth Science Study Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Seawater intrusion poses a critical threat to coastal environments, contaminating freshwater resources and jeopardizing agricultural productivity and human health. This study focuses on the coastal city of Pekalongan, Indonesia, where increasing groundwater salinity has become a pressing issue. To address this problem, we employ a combined remote sensing technique, which indirectly measure groundwater salinity by mapping saline soil through satellite imagery, with ground-based approach to characterize and monitor seawater intrusion dynamics. Specific objectives include investigating the physicochemical properties of soil, including electrical conductivity, moisture content, and temperature, through in-situ measurements using a portable soil meter. Additionally, we will utilize Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery to map the spatial and temporal distribution of seawater intrusion. By integrating these datasets, we aim to develop a comprehensive understanding of intrusion processes and their impacts on the local environment. The findings of this research will contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitigating seawater intrusion and protecting valuable groundwater resources in Pekalongan. Keywords: Seawater intrusion- Pekalongan- Remote sensing- Soil properties- Spatial-temporal analysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indira Wido Primadipta)

43	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-60
A north-southward expansion of sea surface temperature in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during Marine Isotope Stage 11: preliminary study Adnya Pratiwi (a*), Rima Rachmayani (b), Mutiara Putri (b) a) Earth Science Study Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia *32422301[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id b) Environmental and Applied Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 is a period of long interglacial that happened around 400,000 years ago. Studies have shown that the level of CO2 during the peak of this period is closer to pre-industrial CO2 gases level which leads to the consideration of MIS 11 as one of the analogues of current interglacial. Study on this period therefore allows us to have an illustration about the becoming of the current interglacial. Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) that is located in the heart of Maritime Continent (MC) is the largest body of warm water that has a role in the global climate circulation. Its spatial sea surface temperature (SST) variability is often associated to seasonal variation of Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) position, El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) cycle in inter-annual timescale. Recent study on land terraces shows that Sunda Shelf region was under subsidence condition with a rate between 0.2 - 0.3 mm.yr-1 which then leads to possibility of an emerged Sundaland (a biogeographic region that connects Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo Island) during MIS 11 period. IPWP SST response to this change is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aim to study the SST spatial distribution in the IPWP during the MIS 11 by comparing published d18O and Mg/Ca data from foraminifera core samples located in the South China Sea region and off the coast of north-west Australia. By comparing proxies data in this region, we aim to investigate the changes of northern and southern IPWP bordure which is characterized by 28 degC isotherm during MIS 11. We hypothesize that this 28 degC isotherm is in a higher latitude during MIS 11 than during MIS 1 in South China Sea and north-west coast of Australia, due to the emerged Sundaland during MIS 11 period that blockade the surface warm water from the Pacific Equatorial to Indian Ocean. Keywords: IndoPacific Warm Pool- Marine Isotope Stage 11- proxy-model comparison- hydrological condition Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adnya Priscilla Prita Pratiwi)

44	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-61
Land Suitability Modeling For Paddy Field With A Machine Learning Approach Using Physical Variables Budi Siswanto (a*), Ketut Wikantika (b), Albertus Deliar (b), Tri Muji Susantoro (c) a) Doctoral Study Program of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia b) Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Science Research Group, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia c) Research Center for Remote Sensing-The Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space, Kompleks Cibinong Science Center-BRIN, Jalan Raya Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia Abstract As the human population continues to grow, the demand for staple food increases. At the same time, paddy fields, which are a key factor influencing food supply, are decreasing. This condition can lead to a food availability crisis, thus increasing the need to expand agricultural land, in particular paddy fields. Consequently, assessing land suitability for paddy fields across various locations becomes necessary. In this research, the assessment of land suitability for paddy fields in Majalengka and Indramayu Regency was conducted using a machine learning approach. The algorithms employed included Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression (GWLR). The independent variables used were elevation, land inclination, rainfall, distance from streams, topographic wetness index (TWI), soil pH, soil texture, rock formation, and soil permeability. The dependent variable was paddy field land cover. This research demonstrated that the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Random Forest (RF), and Logistic Regression (LR) models achieved accuracies of 63.48%, 62.86%, and 61.84%, respectively, in classifying paddy field and non-paddy field areas. Based on these results, it can be concluded that GWR achieved the highest accuracy. In the GWR model, a Fixed Gaussian Kernel Weighting Function was used, with a deviance value of 330 and a Percent Deviance Explained of 25%. Keywords: Land suitability, Machine learning, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Budi Siswanto)

45	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-68
Back Analysis of Cihanjuang Landslide Using Finite Element Analysis with Shear Strength Reduction Method Achmad Naufal Zayyan, Imam Achmad Sadisun, Indra Andra Dinata Engineering Geology Laboratory, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Abstract On January 9, 2021, a major landslide in Cihanjuang Village, Cimanggung District, Sumedang Regency, West Java, resulted in 40 deaths, 20 buildings buried, 26 buildings heavily damaged, and 350 buildings under threat. This study aimed to determine the residual shear strength parameters of the landslide using the back analysis method with Plaxis2D code. Site investigation was immediately conducted to obtain information of research area such as borehole sampling. Then, material parameters were identified through correlating N-SPT value, cone penetration tests, and laboratory analyses. Back analysis has been performed to show the slip surface location and the new instability parameters. The results indicated that the landslide failure was primarily due to the residual shear strength parameters of a silty clay layer, with cohesion at 3.534 kPa and an internal friction angle of 13.66 degrees. These findings provide crucial shear strength parameters for future slope redesign, reinforcement, and the design of new slopes under similar geotechnical conditions. Keywords: back analysis, finite element method, landslide, shear strength reduction, slope stability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Naufal Zayyan)

46	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-71
Mapping topographic instability hazard potentials based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) dual-orbit images at Mt. Merapi, Indonesia Mudju Silfara Rifu Rinamu*, Asep Saepuloh Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. *Corresponding author: Silfara.rr[at]gmail.com Abstract Since 2018, Mt. Merapi has consistently experienced eruptions, bringing new materials from the earth is interior to the surface, forming new volcanic product layers. This has significantly increased soil fertility, attracting people to settle in the surrounding areas, despite the area is high disaster risk. Mt. Merapi is known as the most active volcano with complex geological structures, making it susceptible to various natural disasters, including landslides. Geological lineaments, which represent fault lines and fractures, serve as weak zones that may increase the risk of ground movement triggered by slope instability. Analyzing geological lineaments aids in mapping areas prone to landslides. Lineaments are related oftenly to landslide phenomena, particularly in active volcanic regions such as Mt. Merapi, where the vulnerability to ground deformation is high. Soil along these lineaments may lose cohesion, making it more prone to movement, especially when triggered by volcanic activity, heavy rainfall, or seismic events. Thus, understanding and mapping geological lineaments is crucial for mitigating landslide risk in the Mt. Merapi region. This study aims to spatially analyze weak zones prone to landslides, particularly in areas with steep topography and unstable slopes, by integrating lineament density using the modified segment tracing algorithm (mSTA) method with the density of landslide occurrences from 2018 to 2023. The mSTA method automatically detect lineaments on dual-orbit synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from Sentinel-1A satellite. Accordingly, we have obtained, about 1,100 and 1,148 lineaments for area about 88 km2 in the ascending and descending orbit modes, respectively. Integrating the landslide occurences, we have quantified the detected lineaments by calculating their density. We have obtained that the 63 landslide occurences from 2018 to 2023 located mainly at medium to high anomaly of the lineament frequency density (Lf). In addition, we have also obtained that the dominant lineament orientation was W-E indicating as the main control to the landslide. The W-E directions agreed to the geological structures of Mt. Merapi and direct field observations of geomorphological features. The results of this study can be used to mitigate landslide hazards in a large area. Keywords: Mt. Merapi, mSTA, weak zone, landslides, Sentinel-1 SAR. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mudju Silfara Rifu Rinamu)

47	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-72
The Ocean Energy Potential in the Area of Early-Retirement Assets Coal-Fired Power Plants Owned by PT PLN (Persero) Zuhda Nur Prabowo (a*), Lamona Irmudyawati Bernawis (b*), Putri Mutianingsih (c*), Hendra Kurniawan (d*) a) Earth Science Master Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB *znprabowo[at]gmail.com b) Earth Science Master Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB *lamona[at]itb.ac.id c) Earth Science Master Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, ITB *mutia.putri[at]gmail.com d) Center of Project Management, PT PLN (Persero) *rifat.exc[at]gmail.com Abstract During the period from 1850 to 2020, global temperatures have increased by 1.1 C. Indonesia state owned electricity company (PLN) as environmental commitment has developed a corporate strategy to retire fossil fuel power plants (Coal Fire Power Plant & Diesel Power Plant), call off the CFPP construction plan and increase the use of renewable energy. Supporting the target of NZE 2060, PLN will stop the operation of CFPP up to 6.7 Gigawatts (GW), with details of 3.2 GW stopping naturally and 3.5 GW with an early retirement scheme. For this reason, PLN has prepared a roadmap for early retirement of CFPP. The retirement of CFPP throughout Indonesia will be carried out in stages until 2056 (PLN, 2022). This strategy will make the mix of coal use remain at 13% and renewable energy increase up to 52% by 2040. According to BPPT research, the Indonesian coast has the potential for electricity production of 62 GW originating from several mechanisms. One of the new renewable energies that has potential in Indonesia is ocean currents, ocean waves and OTEC. If ocean water energy management technology can be developed immediately and is affordable, then the CFPP assets that have been stalled can possibly be used to support the development of the ocean energy power plant. The Southern Sea of Java Island has the potential for ocean energy such as tidal energy of 373867.2 kW, ocean waves on the south coast of 1,207 kW and ocean currents of 0.747 kW. Keywords: marine energy- electricty infrastructure- renewable energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Zuhda Nur Prabowo)

48	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-73
Spatial Modeling of High Flood Risk Region in the Cikapundung River Basin using HEC-RAS 2D Model: Enhancing Regional Mitigation Planning Willy Cahyadhiputra Gunawan (a*), Jovian Javas (a), Imam Maulana Yosa (b), Rusmawan Suwarman (b), Mohammad Farid (a, c) and Mohammad Bagus Adityawan (a, c) a) Water Resources Development Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia b) Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia c) Water Resources Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia * willycgppsda[at]gmail.com Abstract The Bandung basin, particularly the Cikapundung river basin, is highly susceptible to recurrent flooding due to its significant rainfall levels, making it one of the most flood-prone regions in Indonesia. These frequent floods have severe consequences for Greater Bandung, the administrative center of West Java, disrupting infrastructure, public safety, and local economic activities. To effectively mitigate these risks, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the flood hazard levels within the river basin. This study focuses on developing a detailed flood hazard map for the Cikapundung river basin using the HEC-RAS 2D model, which is capable of simulating rainfall, runoff, and flood inundation with high accuracy. The resulting flood hazard map provides a critical resource for local authorities, offering in-depth insights necessary for formulating and implementing targeted flood mitigation strategies. By identifying and mapping the most vulnerable areas, this research not only enhances flood preparedness and resilience in the Cikapundung river basin but also establishes a valuable framework that can be applied to other flood-prone regions. The study^s findings contribute significantly to the broader efforts aimed at reducing flood-related impacts in Indonesia. Keywords: flood, Cikapundung basin, hazard map, HEC-RAS, mitigation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Willy Cahyadhiputra Gunawan)

49	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-79
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment using Analytical Hierarchy Process in West Java Ricky Jaya Kusuma (1*), Irwan Meilano (2), Riantini Virtriana (3), Intan Hairani Fitri (1) (1) Master Program of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia (2) Spatial and Cadastral Systems Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia (3) Geographic Information Science and Technology Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Landslides are the most frequent natural disaster on West Java with around 2,354 occurrences in 1998 - 2024, This is about 36% of the total number of natural disasters in West Java. This disaster caused almost 1,000 fatalities and more than 19,500 infrastructure damage. Landslide susceptibility modeling can be implemented as a basis for landslide risk modeling in Java Island for mitigation purposes. This research aims to assess landslide susceptibility in West Java and evaluate it based on historical landslide occurrence data. The methodology used for the landslide susceptibility model is based on the analysis hierarchy process method that can provide an assessment of landslide susceptibility based on expert judgment. Meanwhile, the methodology used for landslide susceptibility model evaluation is receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, conducted by comparing the landslide susceptibility model with landslide occurrence data to obtain the area under the curve (AUC) value that shows the performance of the method to build a landslide susceptibility model. As many as seven landslide controlling factors were used to generate the susceptibility model: slope, aspect, land cover, rainfall, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and distance from fault and river. Keywords: Landslide Susceptibility- Analytical Hierarchy Process- ROC Curve- West Java Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ricky Jaya Kusuma)

50	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-81
Development of Java Island-scale Flood Model using CaMa-Flood Adristi Shafiya(*a), Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat (b,c), Arno Adi Kuntoro(b), Winda Wijayasari(c) (a) Master Program of Water Resource Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indo-nesia (b) Water Resources Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engi-neering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia (c) Water Resources Development Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Java Island is one of the most densely populated islands in Indonesia, with a total population of 152 million. The continuous population increase has led to a rise in disaster vulnerability, including flood disasters. Since 2012, the frequency of floods has continuously increased, with an average annual rise of 13.18%. Global-scale-river models were developed to evaluate the effects of runoff forcings on food hazard, droughts, and water resources management. Indonesia, including Java Island, has limitations in data storage and management, resulting in some areas having inadequate data for flood modeling. The Java Island-scale-flood-model was developed using satellite-based runoff data as the primary input. The model enabled historical flood reconstruction on the entire Java Island, which was chosen due to the frequent and increasing flood incidents. The modeling system uses the Catchment-based Macro-scale Floodplain (CaMa-Flood) version 4.2.0 river hydrodynamics model, which simulates hydrodynamic processes at a resolution of approximately 1 km. The CaMa-Flood simulation is driven using daily simulated runoff from the Earth2Observe (E2O) model, a global river map from MERIT Hydro, and a global topography map from MERIT DEM. The results of this model are the conditions and historical data of river discharge, and inundation area on the island of Java. The use of global-scale river models has not yet been widely implemented in Indonesia. Therefore, this research is conducted to understand changes in flooding on an island, and will advance climate system studies and assist both non-governmental and governmental institutions in formulating flood mitigation policies for the Java Islands. Keywords: CaMa-Flood, Floods, Global-Scale River Model, Hydrodynamics, Java Island Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adristi Shafiya)

51	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-83
Characterization of Filler Cement and Columnar Joint Rocks of Prehistoric Megalithic Site Gunung Padang West Java Bagus Endar B. Nurhandoko, Andri S. Subandrio, Danny Hilman Natawidjaja, Andang Bachtiar, Ali Akbar, Mudrik Daryono, Yusuf Maulana, Budianto Ontowirjo, Pon Purajatnika, Andi Krisyunianto, Taqiyudin, Ratih Pratiwi, Maria Cindrawati Bandung Institute of Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, GDA consulting, University of Indonesia, Padjadjaran University, Rock Fluid Imaging Lab Abstract Gunung Padang is a prehistoric megalithic site in Karyamukti village, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. This site currently attracts the attention of many people from geoscience perspectives and archaeologists. We investigated the constituent material of this prehistoric megalithic site of Gunung Padang, Cianjur, West Java, which consists of piles of columnar joints and filler material on the sidelines of the columnar joint rock arrangement. The rock samples were collected directly from the Gunung Padang megalithic site. We collected some grams of filler material and columnar joint rock. Then, we meticulously treated these rocks and characterized them using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) Bruker D8 Advance. The results revealed that the columnar joint rocks were predominantly composed of Plagioclase and Feldspar, while the filler material consisted mainly of Quartz, Kaolinite, Smectite, and Muscovite minerals. The mineralogical composition of the filler material shows that it was formed from hydrothermal products in an acidic environment. The filler materials were likely transported from another location to construct the megalithic site at Gunung Padang. However, the columnar joints at the site originated from basaltic intrusion rock. Therefore, the laboratory measurements indicated the distinct sources of these two rock types, which implies the past construction history of the Gunung Padang megalithic site. Keywords: Gunung Padang, Prehistoric Megalithic site, Rock Characterization, Columnar Joint, Filler cement Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Bagus Endar B Nurhandoko)

52	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-84
Comparative Analysis of Technical and Legal Aspects of Obliterated Land: Case Study in Pekalongan City and Demak Regency Sella L. Nurmaulia1*, Rido Muhammad2 and Andri Hernandi1 1 Spatial System and Cadastre Research Group, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institute Technology of Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia 2 Project Management Unit for the Agrarian Reform Acceleration Program, Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency, Semarang, Indonesia Abstract As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has many coastal areas with long stretches of shoreline. These coastal regions are highly vulnerable to environmental degradation, with common issues such as pollution, habitat destruction, excessive natural resource extraction, and coastal flooding. Among the natural disasters that frequently occur is tidal flooding, which negatively impacts residents living in coastal areas. Tidal flooding, combined with rising sea levels and land subsidence, has the potential to expand the flooded areas. The effects of tidal flooding led to numerous challenges, including changes in land use due to the disaster. This situation is particularly evident in Demak Regency, where the concept of obliterated land has emerged. The purpose of this analysis is to explore the legal implications of land rights following natural disasters, as governed by Article 27 of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), which outlines the termination of land ownership rights, and Article 2 of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) Regulation No. 17 of 2021, which details the procedures for declaring land as ^lost.^ This research utilizes a descriptive method, supported by quantitative data. The study offers an analysis of the technical, legal, and policy aspects, as well as scenarios for implementing the process of declaring land as obliterated land in Pekalongan City. Keywords: Land degradation. Tidal flooding, obliterated land, legal implications, land use change Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sella Lestari Nurmaulia)

53	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-86
Characterization of Sun Light Using a Low-Cost Sensor and Its Potential as Energy Resource of Light Bulb Jesi Pebralia(a*), Iful Amri (b), Samsidar(a), and Sri Purwaningsih(a) a) Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Jambi University, Muaro Jambi, Indonesia 36361 *jesipebralia[at]unja.ac.id b) Physics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sriwijaya University, Ogan Ilir, Indonesia, 30662 Abstract In the era of renewable energy, solar power has become one of the most promising alternatives to traditional energy sources due to its abundance and eco-friendly nature. This research focuses on characterizing sunlight by measuring its intensity, duration, and variability using inexpensive and readily available light sensors. The data collected from these sensors are then analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of using sunlight as a direct energy source for lighting systems, particularly for light bulbs. The study employs a methodology where low-cost sensors, LDR sensors, are integrated into instrumentation system of IoT, ESP32, to record sunlight intensity over a specific period. The measurements include key parameters such as peak irradiance, daily sunlight duration, and fluctuations caused by weather conditions. These parameters are critical in determining the efficiency and practicality of using sunlight as an energy source for light bulbs. The analysis reveals that sunlight, particularly in regions with high solar irradiance, has significant potential to power light bulbs, especially when combined with efficient energy storage systems. By using low-cost sensors, this research provides an affordable and accessible method for monitoring solar energy potential in various locations. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the characterization of sunlight using low-cost sensors can provide valuable insights into its potential as a sustainable energy source. Keywords: energy resource- irradiance- light bulbs- low-cost sensor- sunlight Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iful Amri)

54	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-87
Environmental Degradation and Malaria Dynamics Amidst IKN Development in Kalimantan: Evaluating the Zoonotic Threat of Plasmodium knowlesi^ Ibrahim Bin Said IAIN Kediri Abstract The establishment of Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) in Kalimantan is poised to induce significant ecological disruptions, thereby reshaping malaria transmission patterns, particularly regarding zoonotic strains such as Plasmodium knowlesi. This study probes the intricate relationship between accelerated urbanisation, deforestation, and malaria epidemiology in the region. Employing a systematic literature review and secondary data analysis, our research delineates how escalating deforestation and increased human-wildlife interactions amplify malaria risks. The findings underscore the exigency for ecologically informed planning in mitigating these public health challenges. Keywords: Deforestation, Zoonotic Malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi, Environmental Health, Sustainable Development Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ibrahim BIN SAID)

55	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-89
Potential Losses in Rice Production Due to Flooding on the Northern Coast of West Java, Indonesia Dyah Ayu Retnowati, Irwan Meilano, Riantini Virtriana, Akhmad Riqqi Teknik Geodesi dan Geomatika Fakultas Ilmu dan Teknologi Kebumian, Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Flood is one of the disasters that often occur in Indonesia. Based on data published by National Disaster Management Authority of Indonesia, floods tend to increase. Currently, flood is triggered by global climate change and land use/land cover change. Based on the impact of disasters on agriculture and food security, flood is one of the disasters that have the greatest impact on the loss of agricultural production, specifically rice. Flood will have an impact on the pillars of food security assessment, especially on the availability, which will decrease the amount of rice production yield. This study attempts to assess the potential loss of rice production due to flood in the northern coast of West Java Province. In this area, there are several regencies that produce the highest rice production and are national granary, such as Indramayu, Karawang, and Subang. The northern area of West Java Province also has the potential for flooding with a significant area, although the height of the inundation does not as high as the area in the central part of West Java Province. The assessment of the potential loss of rice production was carried out using a vulnerability curve that shows the relationship between the height of flood inundation and the loss percentage of rice production. Keywords: Flood- Rice Production Loss- Food Security- Food Availability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dyah Ayu Retnowati)

56	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-90
Utilization of hydroacoustic-based technology to support fishing activities of traditional fishermen in the Bali Strait Agus Setiawan, Mutiara Rachmat Putri, I Gede Merta Yoga Pratama, Siti Tamalia Zuraydah, An Nur Aini Muzasyaroh Research Centre for Deep Sea, Research Organisation for Earth Sciences and Maritime, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract The Regional Government of Badung Regency, Bali has initiated an internet of things-based application Fish Go to support fishing activities in the Bali Strait. In implementing this application, a wireless fish finder equipment is built utilizing the hydroacoustic and Arduino technologies as well as Android-based communication devices (handphone). This equipment consists of 3 device components, namely the transducer, transmitter, and receiver. The measured water depth along with objects detected in the water column by the transducer will be processed by a data processing unit installed in the transmitter in order to estimate the presence of schools of fish. Afterwards results sent to the receiver unit using Long Range (LoRa) radio communication technique and transmitted to the fisherman^s mobile phone that has the Fish Go application using Bluetooth technology. This equipment is designed to be used in 2 modes, underway on board or installed stationary using buoy. In order to support the measurable fishing policy implemented by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, this equipment is also equipped with a data storage that is able to store all data measured by the transducers during fishing activities. Keywords: Bali Strait, Arduino, fish finder, hydroacoustic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agus Setiawan)

57	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-92
NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND ITS IMPACT ON LOCAL CIRCULATIONS IN INDONESIAS FUTURE CAPITAL OF NUSANTARA Rahastuti Tiara Adysti (a), Muhammad Rais Abdillah (b), Nurjanna Joko Trilaksono (b) (a) Meteorology Study Program, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (b) Atmospheric Science Research Group, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract The development of the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) will inevitably transform the land cover of this area due to city construction. Potentially, the built-up or urban cover area will increase attributed to urbanization that will occur in this future capital city. A previous study has shown that the projected increase in urban areas in the IKN is expected to contribute to temperature rise in the region. However, the impact of urban expansion goes beyond temperature changes, it also affects wind patterns and circulations. Therefore, simulating the impact of land cover changes on wind patterns and circulations in the IKN is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of its effects on the local weather. This study conducted weather simulations using the mesoscale numerical weather prediction model, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), coupled with the Urban Canopy Model (UCM), on modified land cover based on the plans for the development of the IKN. The simulation results were compared with weather simulations on the land cover prior to the development of the IKN. According to the simulation results, under strong upwind and no rainfall conditions, the presence of urban areas in the IKN region led to an increase in temperature, a decrease in wind speed, and an increase in convergence in the area. However, during nighttime simulations (6 p.m. to 12 a.m. local time), the increasing temperature tends to occur mainly in the Core Government Center (KIPP) area. Additionally, wind speed tends to increase around the KIPP area. Land cover changes not only affected the IKN region but also had an impact on the downwind area, resulting a significant decrease in wind speed (reaching greater than 2 m/s) in that area at night. This reduction in wind speed decreased turbulence during the night, which consequently led to a significant temperature decrease (reaching greater than 0.75 degree Celsius) in that area. Keywords: Nusantara Capital City (IKN), Land cover, Wind patterns and circulations, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), Urban Canopy Model (UCM) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahastuti Tiara Adysti)

58	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-96
THE DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION INFLUENCES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP) EFFLUENT ON Chlorella vulgaris DENSITY AND GROWTH RATE Siti Siwi Wulandari (1), Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati (2), Kismartini (3) 1Master of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate, 1) Diponegoro University- email: sitisiwiwulandari[at]gmail.com 2) Biology Departement, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, School of Postgraduate, Diponegoro University- Cluster of Paleolimnology (Cpalim) 3) Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Diponegoro University Abstract Household wastewater processing in the Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) by Guyub Rukun Community at Tegalsari Hamlet, Salatiga City, Indonesia, is expected to reduce water pollution in the Cengek River. However, according to effluent testing, high concentrations of TP, COD, and BOD were found. This study aims to conduct laboratory-scale phycoremediation experiments using Chlorella vulgaris with media mixed using Communal WWTP effluent. Samples were taken from the outlet pipe to obtain household wastewater treatment effluent. Sampling was done using the grab sampling method at 2 PM during high sanitation activity. Based on laboratory tests, the highest Chlorella vulgaris density for 0% effluent concentration was 77.75 x 104 cells/mL (day 7), 66.13 x 104 cells/mL (day 6) in 20%, 126.13 x 104 cells/mL (day 7) in 40%, 69.38 x 104 cells/mL (day 6) in 60%, 188.88 x 104 cells/mL (day 6) in 80%, and 232 x 104 cells/mL (day 8) in 100%. The best growth rate at 0% effluent concentration was 3.87 cells/mL/day (day 6), 3.52 cells/mL/day (day 6) in 20%, 4.25 cells/mL/day (day 6) in 40%, 3.56 cells/mL/day (day 5) in 60%, 4.69 cells/mL/day (day 6) in 80%, and 4.99 cells/mL/day (day 7) in 100%. The results showed that the best density and growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris were at 100% effluent concentration, followed by 80%, 40%, 0%, 60%, and 20% effluent concentrations. The TP, TN, and Nitrate content in the effluent of Communal WWTP can be utilized as macronutrients in microalgae growth. Keywords: Effluent, Microalgae, Phosphate, Nutrient, Density, Growth Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siti Siwi Wulandari)

59	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-97
EVALUATION OF EFFLUENT QUALITY AT THE OUTLET OF COMMUNAL WWTP BASED ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS Siti Siwi Wulandari (1), Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati (2), and Kismartini (3) 1) Master of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate, Diponegoro University- email: sitisiwiwulandari[at]gmail.com 2) Biology Departement, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, School of Postgraduate, Diponegoro University- Cluster of Paleolimnology (Cpalim) 3) Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Diponegoro University Abstract Household activities ranging from sanitation and cooking to business produce waste with a high content of organic and inorganic compounds and have the opportunity to pollute the environment. Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is an alternative technology that could treat household waste of grey and black water to be safe when discharged into the atmosphere. This study was conducted at one of the Communal WWTPs in Salatiga City, Indonesia, which was built on the banks of the Cengek River and uses the river to discharge effluent from the treatment of household waste. Sample testing was conducted using the grab sampling method and was supported by survey results to 7 key informants: Communal WWTP managers, users, and government staff. Based on the results of physical parameter testing, the measurement values of temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, DO, and O2 were 26.3oC, 6.99, 1058 microsiemens/cm, 584.33 mg/L, 0.00 mg/L and 0.00 mg/L. The measurement results of chemical parameters for TN, TP, Nitrate, TSS, COD and BOD were 11.33 mg/L, 51.10 mg/L, 0.66 mg/L, 18 mg/L, 101.47 mg/L, and 21.72 mg/L with concentrations of TP, COD, and BOD exceeding river quality standards according to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia 22/2021 Regarding the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management. Strategies that could be carried out to overcome excessive pollutant concentrations are routine monitoring and maintenance of the communal WWTP, monitoring the flowing quality of the communal WWTP, and ensuring that household waste is treated in the communal basin by the established SOP. Keywords: effluent, wastewater, quality, monitoring, evaluation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siti Siwi Wulandari)

60	Interdisciplinary Earth Science and Technology	ABS-100
Updating Reservoir Model of Ulumbu Geothermal Field Using Numerical Simulation Fadhil K. Hammad (a), Sutopo (a) (a) Geothermal Master Program, Institute Technology of Bandung, Jln. Ganesha No.6, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract The Ulumbu geothermal field is the most promising prospect on the island of Flores from government program, which has a temperature of 230-239 C with steam cap overlying liquid dominated reservoir and possible reserve of 103 MWe from based on previous study. Reservoir model need to be updated comprehensively and periodically according to the latest data. Therefore, reservoir simulations and reservoir characteristics were compared with previous studies to mitigate risks in exploitation and update the reservoir model. The numerical reservoir model was carried out by using the TOUGH2 V.2.0 EOS 1 simulator with one calibration stages: three wells at different years during natural state. Calibration results indicate has alignment between the simulation model and observation data. The results were compared with the previous model, which had natural state calibration. The differences revealed in heat distribution, mass distribution, and fluid saturation conditions. These differences may be due to the availability of recent data, making the model results more representative. Keywords: Numercial simulations, model comparison, natural state, Ulumbu Geothermal Field Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fadhil Karunia Hammad)

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