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1	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-11
Texture and sensorial properties of air dried instant noodle formulated with banana peel powder Zanariah Mohd Dom, Chan Wen Qi Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Abstract This study is concerned with the high global demand for bananas, especially in the small and medium industries which produce the banana processed food in Malaysia, and this resulting increase in a large amount of food waste. The primary goal of the research is to formulate a type of high fiber air dried instant noodle. Another purpose is to use banana peel which a by-product of the banana food processing industry as a raw ingredient in instant noodles to reduce the food waste and prevent the pollution issues. Through textural analysis, proximate analysis, and sensory evaluation, the study analyses the effect of additional banana peel powder in instant noodles. The study includes four samples which were the control sample, which consists of regular air-dried instant noodles made from wheat flour, salt, and water- Sample A, replaced 10% of wheat flour to banana peel powder at stage 3 ripeness- Sample B, replaced 10% of wheat flour to banana peel powder at stage 5 ripeness- and the premium sample, which contain the activated charcoal powder. According to the data, using banana peel powder greatly enhances the total dietary fibre content in the noodles, out performing even the premium sample on the market. The texture research reveals that the addition of banana peel powder has a significant effect on the noodle^s hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness. Furthermore, the sensory evaluation shows that Sample B had a better overall performance if compared to Sample A and Premium. The study emphasises the potential of banana peel as a functional ingredient, which can help reduce food waste while also increasing the nutritional profile and consumer acceptance of instant noodles. Keywords: Air dried instant noodle, banana peel powder, food waste Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ZANARIAH MOHD DOM)

2	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-12
Cellulose Acetate-Microcrystalline Cellulose Blends Membranes for Water Filtration Nasya Rachmadania1, Elya Mufidah1, Yusuf Wibisono1,2* 1Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 2MILI Institute for Water Research, Kawasan Industri Jababeka, Cikarang Utara, Bekasi 17530, Indonesia Abstract Indonesia water resources are not match with good water resource management. This can be seen from the high level of water pollution in Indonesia, which causes the availability of clean water to decrease. One of the solutions for clean water management is water filtration using membrane technology. When filtering clean water, the membrane must be made of non-toxic and environmentally friendly materials. Cellulose acetate (CA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are polymers and solvents with high biocompatibility. However, these two materials have a high tendency to degrade. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a type of additive that can increase the strength, hydrophilicity and performance of membranes. The aim of this research is to determine the synthesis process and characterization of CA and DMSO based membranes with the addition of MCC additive. The membrane synthesis uses a phase inversion method with a thickness of 0.3 mm. This research uses variations of adding MCC as an additive. The concentrations of MCC used in DMSO solvent are 0 (control), 0.02, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 percent. In the thickness test, the addition of MCC 0.8 percent produces a membrane with the highest thickness value, which is 0.24 mm. The highest tensile strength value was found with the addition of 0.6 percent MCC, which is 0.90 MPa. Meanwhile, the swelling rate test showed that the membrane made with the addition of 0.8 percent MCC had the highest swelling rate, which is 396.34 percent. The water contact angle test shows that the smallest contact angle at 0.4 percent MCC concentration is 56.32 degree, indicating that the membrane is hydrophilic. The best flux value is shown by the MCC with a variation of 0 percent. Keywords: Cellulose Acetate- Dimethyl Sulfoxide- Membrane- Microcrystalline Cellulose- Water Filtration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusuf Wibisono)

3	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-14
FARMING PERFORMANCE OF RICE SEED GROWERS IN SERANG REGENCY, BANTEN Vivi Aryati, Pepi Nur Susilawati, Sri Kurniawati, Zuraida Yursak, Yuti Giamerti and Resmayeti Purba Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor, Km 46 Cibinong-Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia Corresponding email: resm002[at]brin.go.id HP: 081386260447 Abstract Rice seed is crucial for paddy rice cultivation, with superior varieties significantly impacting seed production on farms. This study aimed to determine the yield and profitability of different superior rice varieties on farming rice paddy seeds. Conducted on irrigated paddy fields in Pamengkang village, Kramatwatu sub-district, Serang Regency, the research spanned two planting seasons: January-April 2021 and June-September 2021. The study compared three treatments: 1) Inpari-32 + Agrimeth, 2) Inpari-42 + Agrimeth, and 3) Ciherang + Agrimeth, utilizing a 4:1 legowo planting system. Results indicated that Inpari-32 yielded the highest grain and seed production, at 5.0 tons/ha, compared to Inpari-42^s 4.4 tons/ha and Ciherang^s 4.5 tons/ha. The selling price of Rp. 9,000/kg resulted in higher revenue for Inpari-32 (Rp. 20,000,000/ha/season) than for Inpari-42 (Rp. 14,600,000/ha/season) and Ciherang (Rp. 15,500,000/ha/season). Keywords: profit, rice, seed production, yield Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Resmayeti Purba)

4	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-15
Enhancing Spinach Productivity with Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology in Wick Hydroponics Yusuf Hendrawan*, Verrel Alvirizky, Gunomo Djoyowasito, Retno Damayanti, La Choviya Hawa Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia yusuf_h[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Spinach (Amaranthus sp.) is a vegetable commonly cultivated using hydroponic systems. Increasing market demand has necessitated innovations to enhance spinach productivity. One such innovation involves hydroponic technology improvements for spinach cultivation. Plant acoustic frequency technology has been shown in several studies to boost the productivity of vegetable plants by utilizing high-frequency sound directly exposed to the plants. This high-frequency sound stimulates the stomata, or leaf pores, to open wider, allowing for more optimal nutrient absorption. This study aimed to analyze the effect of plant acoustic frequency technology on the productivity of spinach grown using wick hydroponics. The study employed two treatment factors: frequency (3000 Hz, 8000 Hz, and 13000 Hz) and exposure time (1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours). The vegetative parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight, leaf greenness index, and root length. The results indicated that applying plant acoustic frequency technology produced better outcomes than no treatment. Both the frequency and exposure time significantly affected spinach plant growth, with the best results achieved at a frequency of 3000 Hz and an exposure time of 3 hours. Keywords: frequency- plant acoustic- spinach- wick hydroponics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusuf Hendrawan)

5	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-17
Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Cassava Starch, Xanthan Gum and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Coating Solution for Banana (Musa acuminate) Preservation Nadya Hajar1,2, N. S. A. Malek5,6, N. F. Rosman5,6, Ilyanie, H. Y. 3, Nur Amirah Syazwani Razali4, Noor Baity Saidi4, Eddie Ti Tjih Tan1,2, and N. A. Asli5,6* 1Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 2Alliance of Research & Innovation for Food (ARIF), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 3School of Biology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 4Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 5Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 6School of Physics and Materials Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia *Corresponding author: asnida1462[at]uitm.edu.my Abstract Bananas are a nutritious energy source and a key raw material for various products. However, their short shelf life poses a challenge, driven partly by microbial infection. This study explores an innovative edible coating solution combining cassava starch, xanthan gum, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to preserve bananas. The antibacterial properties of the coating solution were tested in vitro using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with results indicating an inhibitory concentration of 1% ZnO NPs. Microbial growth was assessed by measuring the OD600 value standard for cell density, and these results were consistent with those obtained from the disc diffusion method. Additionally, the antifungal properties were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), also showing inhibition at 1% ZnO NPs. The antifungal properties were further tested in vivo by dipping bananas in the coating solution, where a significant difference in inhibition zones was observed between coated and uncoated bananas. The coating solution grasps the synergistic effects of cassava starch as a protective layer, ZnO NPs as antimicrobial agents, and xanthan gum for improved adhesion. This study highlights the potential of this edible coating in preserving bananas, addressing both local market demands and export opportunities. Keywords: antibacterial- antifungal- edible coating- zinc oxide nanoparticles- banana- shelf-life Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nadya Hajar)

6	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-24
Development and Evaluation of Fish Scale Gelatin-Based Films with Anti-Fogging Properties for Extending the Shelf Life of Chili Padi Roseliza Kadir Basha*, Ainul Fariha Sabarud-din, Noor Zafira Noor Hasnan, Nor Amaiza, Mohd Amin, Zanariah Mohd Dom Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *corresponding author: roseliza[at]upm.edu.my Abstract Capsicum frutescens L., commonly known as Chili Padi, is a highly perishable vegetable that spoils within 2-3 days at room temperature. This study aimed to develop and evaluate fish scale gelatin-based films with and without glycerol, to extend the shelf life and preserve the quality of Chili Padi during storage. The gelatin-based films were compared with conventional plastic films (LDPE, PE, PP, P-PP, M-PP, nylon) at low (5C) and room temperature (28C) over 14 days. The addition of glycerol to the gelatin films enhanced flexibility and anti-fogging properties but reduced thermal stability. Among the tested films, the glycerol-plasticized gelatin film showed excellent performance in preserving Chili Padi, effectively reducing weight loss, maintaining moisture content, and preserving firmness and particularly at low temperatures. Fish scale gelatin-based film performed better than many conventional plastics, offering an environmentally friendly alternative for food packaging. Keywords: gelatin-based film, tilapia fish scales, Capsicum frutescens L., anti-fogging Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Roseliza BashaKadir)

7	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-29
Characteristics of goat milk powder enriched with cinnamon extract processed by foam mat drying Fithri Choirun Nisa*, Hilda Aprilia Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, Indonesia Email: fithri_cn[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The production of goat milk powder enriched with cinnamon extract can increase the shelf life and functional value of goat milk as goat milk is a perishable food. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of goat milk powder enriched with cinnamon extract as a promising ingredient in the formulation of functional product. The research design used was the Factorial Group Random Design (RAKF) with two factors which consist of maltodextrin concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%) and cinnamon extract concentrations (5% and 10%). The results showed that the best treatment was obtained at maltodextrin concentration of 15% and cinnamon extract concentration of 5% with the characteristics as follows: yield of 32.6%- moisture content of 4.2%- solubility of 98.2%- water absorption of 1.5 mL/g- antioxidant activity (IC50) of 177 ppm- protein content of 33.1%- fat content of 27.3%- hue* of 75.9. The milk powder exhibited trimodal (three peaks) particle size distribution and the average size was 1.2534 &#956-m. The results of the FTIR analysis of cinnamon extract showed that there is a cinnamaldehyde functional group as a bioactive compound that plays an antioxidant role which was also found in the results of the FTIR analysis of the goat milk powder enriched with cinnamon extract. Keywords: Cinnamon extract- foam mat drying- goat milk powder- maltodextrin Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fithri Choirun Nisa)

8	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-39
The Characteristics of Phase Change Material (PCM) Based on Coconut Oil and Glycerin for Cold Storage) Rini Yulianingsih1*, Nurkholis Hamidi2, Anang Lastriyanto 1, Mega Nur Sasongko2, Mimin Fitrianingsih1, Ahmad Rayyan Tarik1 1) Department of Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia 2) Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia Abstract Increasing energy efficiency in cold storage can be achieved by utilizing phase changes which have specific phase change temperatures. This research examines using coconut oil as a Phase Change Material (PCM) in combination with distilled water, glycerin, and tween 80. Coconut oil with a composition of 5, 10, 15 and 20%, glycerin 40, 50, and 60%, water and tween 80 was homogenized at 15000 rpm for 5 minutes. PCM characterization includes freezing point, degree of supercooling, droplet size, viscosity, creaming index, density, and specific heat and PCM performance. The research results showed that in emulsion form, PCM was unable to maintain its stability, especially stability against coalescence, even though PCM with an oil composition of 20 glycerin 50% was stable against creaming. The freezing point of PCM ranges from -13.93 C to -12.87 C, where PCM from coconut oil and glycerin does not show any degree of supercooling for all compositions. The PCM made from 15% glycerin improved the energy efficiency in freezer by 15%. Keywords: Coconut Oil- Cold Storage- Glyserin- Phase Change Materials Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rini Yulianingsih)

9	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-40
The Effect of Corn Compost and NPK Fertilizer on The Growth and Production of Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.) Ardian Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University Abstract Red onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a horticultural commodity that people need as cooking spices and medicines. Efforts to increase shallot production can be done by adding organic material to the soil, by applying corn compost which can increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil so that it can provide more nutrients. Another effort that can be made is adding nutrients that plants need in their vegetative and generative growth processes. This effort can be done by applying NPK fertilizer. This research aims to determine the interaction of corn compost and NPK fertilizer, as well as to obtain the best treatment combination. This research is a factorial experiment prepared using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, namely corn compost and NPK fertilizer dosage. Factor I: Corn compost consisting of 4 levels, namely: K0 = no corn compost, K1 = 15 t.ha corn compost-1, K2 = 20 t.ha corn compost-1 and K3 = 25 t.ha corn compost-1. Factor II: Dose of NPK fertilizer consisting of 3 levels, namely: N1 = NPK 300 kg.ha-1, N2 = NPK 400 kg.ha- 1, dan N3 = NPK 500 kg.ha-1. From the two treatments, 12 combinations were obtained, with 3 repetitions and 36 experimental units. Data from the analysis of variance were further tested using Duncan^s multiple range test at the 5% level. The research results showed that the combination of corn compost with 15 t.ha-1 and NPK fertilizer at a dose of 400 kg.ha-1 increase plant height, number of leaves, speed up harvest time, increase fresh tuber weight per plant, fresh tuber weight per plot and storable tuber weight per plot. Keywords: Shallot, corn compost, NPK fertilizer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ardian ardian)

10	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-47
Antioxidant and antibacterial potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Polygonum Minus leaf aqueous extract Nor Amaiza Mohd Amin*, Nurhanis Najihah Ibrahim, Azhari Samsu Baharuddin Process and Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor Abstract Silver nano particles, derived from the plant Polygonum minus (commonly known as kesum), have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials owing to their unique properties, such as excellent photoluminescence, high water solubility, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility. Polygonum minus fresh and dried leaf aqueous extract was used in the synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles and the synthesized PM-AgNPs exhibited blue fluorescence emission under UV light and the excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence enhancement. Furthermore, the PM-AgNPs carbon dots containing high phenolic content showed the antioxidant activity, while FTIR analysis identified the functional groups acting as reducing agents in the synthesis process. Following characterisation with TEM analysis corroborated by the SAXS and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, the presence of biomolecules from the leaf extract was discovered, which were responsible for the formation of PM-AgNPs and determining their crystalline nature. The disc diffusion results revealed that PM-AgNPs suppressed both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial growth. Keywords: Silver nano particles, Kesom, Polygonum Minus, Synthesis, Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nor Amaiza Mohd Amin)

11	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-65
Study on the Production of Meatballs with a Ratio of Chicken and Beef Meat Using Porang Flour as a Binding Agent Mochamad Bagus Hermanto*, Nabila Aryanti, La Choviya Hawa, Elya Mufidah Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl Veteran Malang 65145 *corresponding author : mbhermanto[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The production of meatballs often faced various issues related to the quality of meatballs with a non-chewy texture. To improve the quality of meatballs while enhancing their nutritional value, a combination of chicken and beef was used. Additionally, porang flour was chosen as a binding agent due to its excellent gel-forming and water-binding capabilities. Therefore, to produce meatballs with desirable characteristics, a combination of chicken and beef meatballs with the addition of porang flour as a binding agent was created. This study aimed to produce meatballs with the best characteristics based on the ratio of chicken and beef and the addition of porang flour. The research method employed was a Completely Randomized Design Factorial with two factors: the meat ratio and the variation in the addition of porang flour. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test at a 0.05 significance level. The best treatment was determined using the Zeleny method. The results showed that the meat ratio affected the increase in hardness value. The addition of porang flour affected the reduction of moisture content, increased the hardness value, and increased the adhesiveness value. The best meatball treatment, with moisture content of 76.01%, hardness of 166.10 gf, springiness of 13.05, cohesiveness of 0.48, adhesiveness of 3.41 mJ, yield of 109.82%, density of 0.97 g/mL, and thermal expansion of 0.0030oC-1, was achieved by the treatment with a beef ratio of 0% and chicken ratio of 100% with the addition of 0.004% porang flour. Keywords: Meatballs-Meat-Porang Flour Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mochamad Bagus Hermanto)

12	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-66
Study on the Production of Chicken Sausage with the Ratio of Cornstarch and Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF) Using Porang Flour as a Binder Mochamad Bagus Hermanto*, Sania Azmi Aniqoh, La Choviya Hawa, Elya Mufidah Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl Veteran Malang 65145 *corresponding author: mbhermanto[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Sausages are a popular and convenient frozen food product made from finely ground meat, with added spices and other ingredients like fillers and binders. It is known that cornstarch and mocaf (modified cassava flour) have potential as fillers in sausages due to their high starch content, which can improve the texture of the sausages. Additionally, porang flour has the potential as a binder to replace STTP (sodium tripolyphosphate) in sausage products. Some measurements were conducted in this research including moisture content, texture, yield, density, shrinkage, organoleptic properties, and nutritional facts. Two independent variables were used: the percentage ratios of mocaf to cornstarch (15:0, 11.25:3.75, 7.5:7.5, 3.75:11.25, and 0:15), and the amounts of porang flour (0.4%, 1%, and 1.6%). The results showed moisture content ranging from 72.17% to 74.54% (wb), texture hardness ranging from 179.85 to 283.55 gf, springiness from 9.37 to 11.36, cohesiveness from 0.48 to 0.55, adhesiveness from 2.72 to 5.3 mJ, density from 1.01 to 1.06 g/cm3, shrinkage from 4.3% to 6.7%, and yield from 94.35% to 96.92%. Based on this research, the chicken sausage with the best characteristics, as determined by the Zeleny method from the physical and chemical data obtained, was the sample with 15% cornstarch: 0% mocaf and 0.4% porang flour. This sample had the best chemical characteristics, with a moisture content of 74.54%. Its physical characteristics included a yield of 95.99%, density of 1.03 g/cm3, shrinkage of 4.3%, hardness of 193.85 gf, springiness of 9.57, cohesiveness of 0.49, and adhesiveness of 2.72 mJ. Keywords: Cornstarch- MOCAF-Sausage-Porang Flour Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mochamad Bagus Hermanto)

13	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-69
Application of Low-Temperature Dehumidifier Drying System to Maintain the Bioactive Components of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Bambang Susilo1*, Risma Windyrahayu1, Wafa Nida Faida Azra1, M. Bagus Hermanto1, Retno Damayanti1, Pipit Elok N1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145 Malang, East Java, Indonesia Abstract Keywords: Bioactive - Dehumidifier Drying - Phenolic - Red Ginger Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Bambang Susilo)

14	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-73
Effects of Grain Moisture Content on the Mechanical and Physical Characteristics of Local Grains Darmanto Darmanto1*, Sandra Malin Sutan1, Andri Paska Ginting1 1Biosystems Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia *Email: darmanto_sm[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The aim of this research is to obtain physical and mechanical properties of local East Java grains as well as the percentage of milled yield at various levels of moisture content, and to analyse the relationship between grain moisture content toward the physical, mechanical, and milling properties. An experimental method was conducted by conditioning the moisture content of the grain with the addition of water to then measured and tested its physical and mechanical properties and calculated the percentage of grain milled according to the variation of the moisture content. The results show that the geometrical properties (axial dimensions, surface area, volume, and roundness) of the grain of cempo rogo, mahameru, and glutinous rice mentok ponorogo increased with an increase in water content as well as the gravimetric properties and the bulk density. True density and porosity tended to fluctuate with increasing water content by 0,01-0,06 gram/&#119888-&#119898-2 and 0,8-0,9 %, respectively. The frictional properties tended to decrease with range 0.8-0.9, respectively. The stress tend to go down as the water content increases by 0.1-0.2 N, although the strain increased by 0,02-0,030 mm. Keywords: east Java grain- mechanical properties- milling- moisture content- physical properties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Darmanto Darmanto)

15	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-75
Entrapment Efficiency and Morphological Study of Temulawak-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) 1Mei Lilis Suryani, 1Bambang Susilo, 2Nozomi Watanabe, 2Hiroshi Umakoshi, 1Nimatul Izza* 1 Department of Biosystems Engineering- Faculty of Agricultural Technology - Universitas Brawijaya 2 Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University *email: izza_nimatul[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) represent the second generation of lipid nanocarriers, succeeding Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), and are extensively developed in the pharmaceutical field. This study investigates the entrapment efficiency of Temulawak-loaded NLCs and examines the morphology of the lipid formation. NLCs were composed of cetyl palmitate, caprylic triglycerides, and polysorbate 80, and were prepared using hot homogenization and ultrasonication methods. The results demonstrated that the NLCs had an average particle size ranging from 134 to 207 nm with a homogeneous size distribution. Zeta potential measurements confirmed the stability of all the NLC formulations. Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency of Temulawak extract in the NLCs exceeded 70%, indicating that NLCs could serve as effective carriers for bioactive compounds. Additional characterizations, including FTIR to confirm the successful entrapment of Temulawak and morphological studies using TEM, were also focal points of this research. Through these studies and characterizations, the behavior of Temulawak-loaded NLCs will be better understood, providing essential insights for designing NLCs as carriers for bioactive compounds with broad applications. Keywords: Entrapment Efficiency- Morphological study- Nanostructured Lipid Carriers- NLC- Temulawak Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nimatul Izza)

16	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-77
Characteristics of Starch-Based Bioplastics Reinforced with Cellulose: A Literature Review Ika Atsari Dewi*, Kaninda Rahmaning Firdaus, Sucipto, Arie Febrianto, Panji Deoranto Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia *Corresponding author: ikaatsaridewi[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Plastics are widely used as a packaging material in various industries, especially in the food industry. That is because plastics have many advantages, such as being moldable, cheap, and having excellent mechanical properties. However, the continuous use of plastics will significantly impact the environment because they are not readily biodegradable. Therefore, the development of alternative packaging materials is significant. One of the best alternative solutions is the usage of bioplastics. Bioplastics are made from natural resources that make them generally biodegradable and safe for the environment. The main ingredient commonly used in bioplastic production is starch, which can be sourced from tubers, grains, fruits, and agricultural waste. However, starch-based bioplastics have low mechanical properties, so some filler, such as cellulose, is added to increase the mechanical properties and biodegradability. The different combinations of starch and cellulose can provide different results in the tensile strength, elongation, and biodegradability of bioplastics. Therefore, continuous study is needed to obtain the correct formulation of bioplastics to achieve the best properties to replace conventional plastics. This review will describe the characteristics of several starch-based bioplastics reinforced with cellulose and aim to contribute in the future to make it easier to determine the combination of materials for bioplastic production. Keywords: biodegradability- bioplastics- cellulose, mechanical properties- starch Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ika Atsari Dewi)

17	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-79
Application of Smart Packaging Based on pH Indicator from Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Anthocyanin as Tuna Fillet Freshness Sensor (Thunnus sp) Arie Febrianto Mulyadi, Dodyk Pranowo, Mifda Lurigustitah Afthincaridna Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agrocultural Technology, Universitas of Brawijaya Abstract Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a climbing plant that contains anthocyanin which gives blue, purple or red color to most plants. Anthocyanins have the potential to be used as ingredients for making smart packaging indicator labels. Color indicator labels have now been applied to various types of food that are susceptible to quality deterioration, from fishery products, livestock to vegetables and fruit. Fresh fish products are susceptible to damage, due to high water activity (aw) and protein, as well as the presence of autolytic enzymes, so innovation is needed, one of which is through smart packaging applications. This research aims to analyze the potential of butterfly pea flower anthocyanin indicator labels as tuna fillet freshness sensors in smart packaging. Temperature and storage time factors have a real influence on changes in pH and TVB of tuna fillets during storage. In addition, temperature factors and storage time have a real influence on the color change of indicator labels during storage. There is a strong and positive correlation between TVB and the color of the indicator label which is positively correlated with a correlation degree of L* (brightness) 83.3%, a* (red-green) 94.1% and b* (yellow-blue) 71.1% . Likewise, there is a strong and positive correlation between pH and label color with a degree of correlation for L* (brightness) 75.1%, a* (red-green) 85.1% and b* (yellow-blue) 74.2%. The anthocyanin indicator label for butterfly pea flowers can be used as a tuna fillet freshness sensor in smart packaging. Keywords: anthocyanin, butterfly pea flower, freshness indicator, tuna fish Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arie Febrianto Mulyadi)

18	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-83
Importance of the organic matter application for soil health Kanako Suzuki, Mihoko Moriizumi, Kensuke Okada Kanako Suzuki, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University Mihoko Moriizumi, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University Kensuke Okada, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo Abstract Agricultural technologies have been improving and are very helpful to enhance agricultural productivity. These effects can be more useful with good soil health conditions. Soil is a very important foundation for agricultural activities. In Japan, agricultural activities were conducted without focusing on soil conservation, e.g., intensive cultivation, continuous monoculture, high amount of chemical fertilizer application alone, and intensive use of germicide and insecticide. As a result, soil biodiversity was lost and it led to severe infections by soil borne diseases, e.g., clubroot and root rot in many parts of Japan. In West Africa, the semi-arid region (called the Sahel) has been threatened by low food security due to low soil fertility. The Sahelian soil has been weathered during long period and became extremely sandy and acidic. For restoring the amount of soil nutrients, chemical fertilizer use can be very helpful, but it is very difficult for the smallholder farmers to apply enough amount due to its high price. These two regions have very different situations, but they have serious problems of soil health. We do not have a silver bullet to improve soil health quickly. However, organic matters such as green manure, livestock manure and crop residue are very useful to improve soil health gradually. In the high-cool region of Nagano prefecture in Japan, the field experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of green manures on clubroot infection. Tested green manures were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and they led to a decrease in clubroot infection in cabbage. After incorporating them into a clubroot-infected soil, the number of resting spores was gradually decreased. In the Sahel region of West Africa, the field experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of co-application of organic matters and micro-dose of chemical fertilizer on pearl millet growth status and grain yield. The application of indigenous organic matters, e.g., crop residue and livestock manure, helped to improve soil fertility, growth status and grain yield of pearl millet. These results demonstrated that organic matters could lead to good soil health without chemical substances use. And this showed the high possibility to provide safe and sufficient food for human being. Consequently, organic matter is an important connector between soil health and human health. Keywords: High-cool region, Clubroot infection, Sahel region, Low soil fertility, Organic matter Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kanako SUZUKI)

19	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-96
Biochar Phosphate Fertilizer Neutralization using Alkaline Hydroxide Solution Hendrix Yulis Setyawan1*, Viqy Maulana MS1, Devy Ulandari1, Nimas Mayang Sabrina Sunyoto1, Yusron Sugiarto2 1 Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 65145 2 Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 65145 * corresponding author: hendrix[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Biochar Phosphate Fertilizer (BPF) is a biofertilizer impregnated with phosphate and using biomass as the carrier materials. Phosphate is an inorganic form of phosphorus that available for plant uptake. The optimum pH of 6-7 was needed to optimize the availability of phosphorus and help plant growth. At lower pH level, phosphate tends to bind with aluminium or iron compounds in the soil and decreasing its availability for plant uptake. BPF was made from three different phosphate sources (MAP, DAP and SP36) and one control phosphate source (P2O5) and found to have an acid characteristic. The aim of this research is to optimize the pH characteristics of BPF into neutral. This research uses an experimental method to neutralize BPF using some alkaline solutions to reach neutral pH. BPF from 3 different biochar (rice husk, bagasse, and corncobs) was impregnated with phosphate fertilizer (MAP, DAP, SP36, and P2O5) with ratio of phosphate fertilizer:biochar:distilled water 1:1:3 (w/w/v), then neutralized using 3 alkaline solutions (calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)- potassium hydroxide (KOH)- sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)) with 5 levels of concentrations (0%- 1%- 2%- 3%- 4%- 5%). This research shows that there was no significant different neutralization performance between analytical and technical alkaline solution. The use of technical alkaline solution in the range of 2%-4% can neutralize all samples exclude the samples with P2O5 as the phosphate source. Keywords: biochar- fertilizer- hydroxide- neutralization- phosphate Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hendrix Yulis Setyawan)

20	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-115
Innovative Approaches to Citrus Peel Essential Oil Extraction: Comparing Ohmic-Assisted and Conventional Hydrodistillation Techniques Imroah Ikarini (1,3*),Sudarminto Setyo Yuwono (1), Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri (1), Christina Winarti (3) 1 Doctoral Program of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145 Indonesia 2 Food Science and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia 3 Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency, (BRIN), Soekarno Integrated Science Center, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia Corresponding author: imroahikarini[at]student.ub.ac.id Abstract Citrus peel essential oil has high economic value and is widely used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, conventional extraction methods often require a long time and high energy consumption. The ohmic heating method, which uses electric current to generate internal heat in the material, is proposed as a more efficient alternative. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the conventional hydrodistillation method with the ohmic heating method in the extraction process of essential oil from citrus peel. In this study, fresh orange peel was extracted using 2 methods, ohmic hydrodistillation with a voltage of 70 volts and conventional hydrodistillation using an infrared electric stove at a voltage of 220 volts. The parameters analysed included essential oil yield, chemical composition using GC-MS, energy efficiency, and extraction time.The results of this study show that essential oils produced from the ohmic heating distillation method have a yield of 5.67% with a distillation time of 20 minutes. The yield produced from the conventional distillation method is 3.017%, with a distillation time of 2 hours. These results indicate that ohmic heating technology is able to produce essential oils with high yields in a shorter time compared to conventional hydrodistillation. Keywords: Citrus peel- Essential oil- hydrodistillation- ohmic heating Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imroah Ikarini)

21	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-118
Characteristics of Ganyong (Canna edulis) Bioplastic *1Musthofa Lutfi, 1Joko Prasetyo, 1Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, 1Lita Puspita R. Perdana, 2Fathillah Nurrachmadiati 1Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia 2PT. Scandinavian Tobacco Group, Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia *lutfi[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The conventional plastics, known for their strength, flexibility, light weight, and low cost, has significant environmental impact due to their resistance to degradation. This research aims to develop eco-friendly bioplastics using starch from ganyong tubers (Canna edulis) as the primary material, combined with cellulose acetate extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and sorbitol as a plasticizer. The use of plasticizers is expected to enhance the flexibility and permeability of the resulting bioplastics while improving their degradation characteristics. The method used is solution casting. The mixture composition consists of 5 grams of ganyong tuber starch dissolved in 50 ml of water, heated to 75C. Sorbitol was added in 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ml, along with cellulose acetate in 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g. Once homogeneous, the mixture volume was 50 ml, poured into a glass mold (20 x 20 cm), dried at 60C for 4 hours. The characteristics of ganyong bioplastics identified i.e water absorption, solubility, and biodegradability. The addition of varying of sorbitol plasticizer and cellulose acetate from EFB significantly affected the water absorption, solubility, and biodegradability of the bioplastics. The optimal water absorption was achieved with the addition of 3 g of cellulose acetate and 2 ml of sorbitol (12.311%), while the best solubility was observed 1 g of cellulose acetate and 4 ml of sorbitol (48.803%). The highest biodegradability was obtained with 1 g of cellulose acetate and 3 ml of sorbitol (96.203%). Therefore, these bioplastics have the potential to serve as a more sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. Keywords: Bioplastic- Characteristics- Ganyong tuber starch- Plasticizer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Musthofa Lutfi)

22	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-119
A Green and Sustainable Approach of Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai Kucing) using Deep Eutectic Solvent Incorporated with Non-Conventional Assistive Extraction Techniques Yoke Shan Wong (1), Angky Wahyu Putranto (1,2), Ngoh Gek Cheng (1)*, Rozita Yusoff (1) 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC),Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. 2 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia. *Corresponding email: ngoh[at]um.edu.my Abstract The rising consumer awareness about health and wellness, coupled with a preference for natural and sustainable products, has led to an increased use of plant extracts in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverages. Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai Kucing), a herb native to Southeast Asia, is renowned for its potential health benefits and extensive use in traditional medicine, largely attributed to its phenolic compounds (PCs). With the growing emphasis on green chemistry, there is a shift towards using environmentally friendly solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES), for the extraction of these valuable compounds. This study aims to develop a green and sustainable extraction strategy for PCs from Orthosiphon stamineus using non-conventional extraction techniques, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and pulse electric field extraction (PEF). Two DESs, choline chloride-ethylene glycol (acidic) and choline chloride-urea (alkaline), were employed alongside water (neutral) as a control. The study investigates the impact of solvent pH and viscosity on extraction efficiency, compares sequential extraction methods to single extraction approaches, and evaluates the toxicity and antioxidant activity of the DES-extracted PCs. The study reveals significant variations in extraction performance among the different techniques and solvents. DESs demonstrated improved extraction efficiency compared to water, with choline chloride-ethylene glycol showing superior performance in combination with MAE. Sequential extraction methods generally yielded higher quantities of PCs and exhibited enhanced antioxidant activities. Additionally, DES-extracted PCs displayed lower toxicity profiles compared to those extracted with conventional solvents such as ethanol. This research highlights the effectiveness of utilizing DESs in conjunction with advanced extraction techniques for obtaining phenolic compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus. The optimized combination of extraction techniques and DESs identified in this study offers a more sustainable and efficient approach, aligning with green chemistry principles and providing valuable insights for the application of natural extracts in various industries. Keywords: deep eutectic solvent- green extraction- microwave-assisted extraction- phenolic compounds- pulse electric field- ultrasound-assisted extraction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Angky Wahyu Putranto)

23	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-120
Fine-Tuning Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) Extraction: Solvent Selection, Methodological Approaches, and Optimization on the Operating Condition Jorgi Korleone1, Elya Mufidah1, Bambang Dwi Argo1, Jocelyn Latreia Ronauli Sidauruk1, Hayato Takase2, Ni^matul Izza1* 1Bioprocess Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan E-mail: izza_nimatul[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) is rich in bioactive compounds: phenols and flavonoids, working as antioxidants to counteract free radicals in the human body, in which appropriate extraction methods and solvents are required to obtain the total phenol and flavonoid content from this plant. Correlating to this, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) provides an analytical framework based on mathematical models to determine the conditions of optimal temulawak extraction. The study, therefore, aims to identify the best extraction method and solvent for extracting phenolic and flavonoid compounds from temulawak, to subsequently utilize the method in determining the optimal temulawak extraction conditions based on RSM using DesignExpert12 software. The results signify the best combination of extraction method and solvent is demonstrated by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using 70% ethanol. Additionally, the software showed that a solvent-to-material ratio of 66mL/g, with extraction power of 450 watts, and extraction time of 1 minute are required to perform the extraction under optimal conditions, resulting a total phenolic content (TPC) of 12.934 mg GAE/g dw and a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 21.799 mg QE/g dw through the verification process. Keywords: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb- Optimization- Microwave Assisted Extraction- Response Surface Methodology- Temulawak Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nimatul Izza)

24	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-121
Enhanced Phenolics Extraction from Mangosteen Pericarps Using Pulsed Electric Field-Microwave Assisted Technique Xukai Saw (1), Angky Wahyu Putranto (1,2) and Gek Cheng Ngoh (1)* 1. Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, WP Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, East Java, Indonesia * Corresponding email: ngoh[at]um.edu.my Abstract Extraction of phenolic compounds from mangosteen pericarps has been gaining interest due to the potential health benefits associated with their antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study explores a novel technique by combining pulsed electric field (PEF) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) sequentially to enhance phenolics extraction from mangosteen pericarps. Besides, limitations of conventional extraction techniques such as long extraction time, low extraction yield, and large consumption of harmful solvents can also be overcome. The innovative PEF-MAE approach, incorporated with green deep eutectic solvent (DES), leverages PEF to disrupt cell membranes, leading to increased tissue permeability while facilitating the release of phenolics during the subsequent MAE process. Key parameters such as electric field strength, pulse duration, irradiation power and irradiation duration were optimized to maximise phenolic yield. Based on the analysis of the optimization results using response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal extraction conditions using MAE with choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG) as solvent were 424.23 W and 1.76 mins, achieving the highest TPC content of 87.41 mg GAE/g dw. The optimized MAE conditions were then coupled with the optimized PEF conditions (4.99 kV/cm, 2.72 mins) obtained for sequential phenolics extraction. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in extraction yield, with PEF-MAE method achieving a 22.28% increase in TPC and 106.93 mg GAE/g dw as compared to that using sole MAE. Although a 22.24% higher in energy consumption using PEF-MAE, the significant increment in extracted phenolics might offset the operational cost incurred from higher energy usage, further suggesting that the PEF-MAE technique is promising and scalable for industrial applications. More importantly, this combined technique offers an effective solution for extracting valuable phenolic compounds from Mangosteen pericarp Keywords: Deep eutectic solvents pretreatment- Mangosteen pericarps- Microwave-assisted extraction- Phenolic compounds- Pulsed electric field Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Angky Wahyu Putranto)

25	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-129
Development of a Portable Tomato Ripeness Measuring Instrument Based on Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Models Dimas Firmanda Al Riza[1]*, Rifqi Fadhlurrohman[2], Setiyaki Aruma Nandi[1], Marchella Alifian Amin Lestiawan[3], Rifda Alfia Safina[3], Ahmad Gibran M.[3], Nadya Agustin Nur Faizah[3] 1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 65145 2 Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 65145 3 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 65145 *Corresponding author: dimasfirmanda[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Determining fruit ripeness is an important factor that plays a role in the distribution of fruit commodities because it affects the quality and selling value of the product. In tomato plants, fruit ripeness only relies on the external appearance of the fruit seen by the eye, this method produces subjective results and requires a lot of resources and time to evaluate tomatoes on a large scale. Spectroscopy technology integrated with machine learning can be used to predict fruit ripeness based on factors that change during the ripening process such as brix content, acidity, and firmness. This study took data from these 3 factors non-destructively and then processed them using several machine learning models. The Random Forest Regression model showed the best results where the brix model had an R square value of 0.147 with a Mean Square Error (MSE) value of 20,192. Then, the firmness model had an R square value of 0.678 and an MSE of 1,748. Then, the acidity model had an R square value of 0.817 and 0.004 for the MSE value. Keywords: Tomato- Brix- Acidity- Firmness- Spectroscopy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dimas Firmanda AL Riza)

26	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-138
Effect of Drying Method on Drying Kinetics and Flavonoid Content of Chinese Betel Leaf (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) Sandra Malin Sutan*, Diftiya Nova, Rini Yulianingsih Department of Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Technology Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia Abstract Chinese betel is a weed that benefits health because of its antioxidant content. The drying process to obtain dried Chinese betel must be carried out using an adequate drying method, considering the antioxidant content in flavonoids sensitive to high temperatures. This research aimed to analyze the effect of drying methods - microwave, dehydrator, and oven - on drying characteristics, color, and flavonoid content and to obtain the best drying kinetics model for each drying method. Microwave drying was carried out at high and medium power while drying using a dehydrator and oven at 50 and 60&#8451-. Drying using a microwave produces the lowest water content (1.36 - 2.29 %) and flavonoid content (7.12 - 7.53 QE/g), while using a dehydrator produces the highest water content (4.64 - 6.78 %) and flavonoid content (10.64 - 10.71 QE/g). Microwave drying produces the highest level of leaf color brightness, but the drying method does not affect the overall color change. The modified page drying model was most suitable for drying with a dehydrator, oven, and microwave at medium power, while the Handerson-Pabis model was suitable for drying kinetics using a microwave at high power. Keywords: Chinese betel, dehydrator, flavonoid, kinetics, microwave Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (DIFTIYA NOVA)

27	Agro-industrial system management and regulation	ABS-7
Assortment Planning for Fresh Fruits to Maintain Its Quality and Increase Retail Profits Dyah Satiti, Endah Rahayu Lestari* Agro-industrial Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia *endahlestari24[at]yahoo.com Abstract In the fruit business, ripening is carefully controlled to ensure the fruit reaches optimal ripeness for consumers. Meanwhile, fruits have a natural ripening hormone, ethylene, which affects not only their own ripening process but also that of other fruits. Excessive ripening will reduce fruit quality and shorten its shelf life. If the fruit is not sold by the end of its shelf life, the retailer will suffer losses. An assortment plan is essential for fruit retail displays to prevent excessive ripening and ensure consumers receive fruit in optimal condition. This study arranged fresh fruit products representing ethylene-sensitive and ethylene-producing fruit groups and non-fresh fruit groups. This study aims to find the assortment plan for display that maximizes profit while maintaining fruit quality. Numerical experiments evaluated how the arrangement affects the estimated profit for retailers. The results showed that an arrangement that considers fruit characteristics maintains quality and increases retail profits. Keywords: assortment planning- ethylene- fresh fruits- profit- quality- Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dyah Satiti)

28	Agro-industrial system management and regulation	ABS-28
Conceptual Framework of Hybrid Model with Cooperative Game Theory on Agroindustry *M. A. Kamal, Usman Effendi m.arif.kamal[at]ub.ac.id Department of Agroindustrial Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Brawijaya Abstract This study delves into the integration framework combining System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-Based Models (ABM) to simulate cooperative game theory within the context of supply chain and agroindustry. The primary aim is to provide an understanding of the cooperative dynamics that influence these fields. By utilizing SD, the study captures the macro-level dynamics, emphasizing the importance of feedback loops and resource flows that govern the overall system behavior. These loops helps understanding how variables interact over time, influencing the supply chain and agroindustry operations on a larger scale. On the other hand, the ABM focuses on micro-level interactions, modeling the behavior and decisions of individual agents within the system. These agents represent various entities such as farmers, suppliers, distributors, and consumers. By simulating their interactions, the ABM approach allows for a detailed analysis of how individual behaviors and strategies contribute to the formation and stability of coalitions. This dual approach, integrating both macro and micro perspectives, provides a holistic view of the system. Furthermore, the hybrid SD-ABM approach enables the exploration of coalition formation, stability, and benefit distribution under different scenarios. By varying conditions of resource availability and incentive structures, the study examines how these factors impact cooperative behavior. This includes understanding the conditions under which coalitions are likely to form, how stable these coalitions are over time, and how benefits are distributed among the participating agents. This integrated framework offers valuable insights into optimizing cooperative strategies, enhancing resource allocation, and improving overall system performance in supply chains and agroindustry. Keywords: Agent-Based Models- Cooperation Dynamics- Cooperative Game Theory- Hybrid Modelling- System Dynamics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (M. Arif Kamal)

29	Agro-industrial system management and regulation	ABS-32
Role of skilled workers in a successful supply chain: the case of a Japanese seafood processing company Fitriana Dina Rizkina1*, Naruhito Takenouchi2, and Hiroki Kasamatsu3 1Bioresource Production Science, United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan, 790-8566 1Agricultural Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Jember, Indonesia, 68124 2Food Production Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan, 790-8566 3Regional Resource Management, Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan, 790-8566 Abstract This paper describes the skilled workers in a local seafood processing company in Japan as best practice for producing successful innovations. The analysis shows the workers contributed to innovating production and supporting supply chain management. The breakthroughs they created were examined in this study, and the key factor of success (KFS) was analyzed using the participant observation method. One aspect is workers^ skills (fast work, accuracy, quality, etc.) being useful for cost efficiency and product quality. The company trains workers to develop skills and expertise in all process lines to ensure high production output. The observation of the production process and examination of the business history indicates a mutual influence between innovative strategy and skilled workers. The company has a strong collaborative relationship with production and marketing can respond to customer needs by optimizing production, processing, distribution, and sales as a value cahin that creates added value and has successfully innovated in production and distribution. The skilled workers supported building a business model that responds to customer needs. This study shows the positive circulation of social capital between skilled workers and successful supply chain management. Keywords: A seafood processing company-a supply chain-innovations-skilled workers Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitriana Dina Rizkina)

30	Agro-industrial system management and regulation	ABS-37
Lean Supply Chain Strategies for Minimizing Waste in CPO Shipping: A VSM-VALSAT Approach Wike Agustin Prima Dania*, Annisa Wahyu Lestari Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran St, Indonesia *wikedania[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Palm oil is a major commodity in Indonesia, playing a crucial role in the nation^s economy. PT XYZ, a prominent company in this sector, operates 16 Palm Oil Mills and processes palm oil into Crude Palm Oil (CPO) derivatives for shipment to buyers. This study aims to identify the types and causes of waste in the CPO shipping process and propose improvement suggestions. Utilizing a lean supply chain approach, the study employs value stream mapping (VSM) and value stream analysis tools (VALSAT). The results indicated that the most impactful waste, which should be prioritized for elimination based on its intensity, difficulty of removal, and the extent of the resulting losses, is waiting time. The Process Activity Mapping (PAM) tool revealed that the standard shipping process took 296.47 hours, with transportation being the longest activity at 222.78 hours. Improvements led to the complete elimination of non-value-added (NVA) activities. Moreover, non-value-added but necessary (NNVA) activities were reduced by 3.7%, from 26.05 hours to 14.05 hours, while value-added (VA) activities decreased from 265.36 hours to 261.47 hours (1.5%). To minimize waste in the CPO shipping process, strategies such as early marine service registration, advanced truck scheduling, CSR initiatives including road repairs and dock improvements, enhanced employee performance monitoring, increased operator numbers, and an integrated administration system were implemented. These measures align with lean supply chain principles to streamline operations and reduce inefficiencies. Keywords: Lean Supply Chain- Value Stream Mapping- Value Stream Analysis Tools Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wike Agustin Prima Dania)

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