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121	Waste and environmental management	ABS-86
Enhancing Biogas Production by Adding Iron in Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Cheese Waste Yusron Sugiarto, Yusuf Wibisono, Ni^Matul Izza, Elya Mufidah, Inggit Kresna Maharsih, Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho, Bintang Pamungkas Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, Indonesia *email: yusronsugiarto[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Biogas production through anaerobic digestion is a promising renewable energy technology, primarily due to its ability to utilise organic waste materials. This study investigates the impact of iron (Fe) supplementation on biogas production using a mesophilic anaerobic digestion process with cheese waste as the substrate. The research aims to assess how varying Fe concentrations and cheese waste densities influence biogas yields. Experiments were conducted using a working volume of 60 mL, consisting of 10 mL of sludge and 50 mL of distilled water, with cheese waste concentrations ranging from 0 g/L to 33.33 g/L and FeCl&#8323- concentrations ranging from 0 g/L to 3.0 g/L. The result showed that the addition of 1 g/L of Fe achieved the highest biogas yield of 2919.13 mL/L. The effectiveness of these concentrations was attributed to enhanced degradation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and improved methanogenic activity, as indicated by pH monitoring and gas composition analysis. This study provides valuable insights into optimising biogas production from cheese waste, offering a sustainable approach to energy generation and waste management. Keywords: Cheese Waste, Iron, Mesophilic, Waste Management Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusron Sugiarto)

122	Waste and environmental management	ABS-101
Analysis of the Pretreatment Process for Gonggong Shell Flour (Laevistrombus turturella) on a Scale-Up Nuvia Nurlaily Rumandhani, Beauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti*, Arie Febrianto, Vindhya T. Widayanti, Andan L. Rucitra, Wendra G. Rohmah, Riska Septifani, Dhita M. Ikasari Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia Abstract The gonggong shell (Laevistrombus turturella) is a type of sea snail that inhabits most of the waters around Bintan, Riau Islands. The gonggong consists of meat and shell, with the shell constituting the largest part, approximately 60%. The proportion of shells in gonggong is higher than the meat, resulting in abundant gonggong shell waste. One way to utilize gonggong shells is by converting them into shell flour, which can be used in health supplements and shrimp feed, particularly for shrimp farms in Bintan Regency. The hard texture of gonggong shells (13.1 MPa) requires pretreatment before milling. The pretreatment processes include autoclaving, drying, and burning. This research aimed to determine the difference in quality between the scaled-up output and the quality at the laboratory scale, and to identify the material requirements and utilities for the pretreatment process of producing gonggong shell flour on a large scale. The scale-up was conducted with a 1 : 50 ratio from the laboratory scale. The quality results of gonggong shell flour in the large-scale study showed a moisture content of 0.46%, an ash content of 56.42%, and a calcium content of 54.31%. These results were compared with the quality at the laboratory scale using an unpaired t-test, and the results showed no significant differences for all tested parameters. Keywords: Calcium Content- Gonggong Shell- Pretreatment- Scale-Up Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Beauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti)

123	Waste and environmental management	ABS-104
OPTIMISATION OF ALUM (Al2(SO4)3) DOSAGE TO REDUCE TURBIDITY AND DISINFECTION OF WATER FROM EMBUNG PEPE, NGANTI VILLAGE, NGRAHO SUB-DISTRICT, BOJONEGORO DISTRICT Wahyunanto A Nugroho*, Fransiska Vinawati Putri, Yusuf Wibisono Bioprocess Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia *wahyunanto[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Clean water is essential for human survival, and its availability depends on quantity, quality, and continuity. Pepe Hamlet has two water sources: wells and reservoirs. While well water is abundant, it has high hardness. The reservoir (embung) water, available during the dry season, does not meet drinking water quality standards, requiring treatment. This study aims to determine the optimal alum concentration and contact time to reduce turbidity and assess the disinfection process^s effectiveness in reducing microbial levels. The research employs literature and experimental methods, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) models for data analysis. Results show that, during the dry season, a 4.219 g/L alum dose with a stirring time of 4.219 minutes achieves 99.528% turbidity reduction. In the rainy season, a 4.230 g/L alum dose with a 4.726-minute stirring time achieves 96.42% turbidity reduction. Additionally, a chlorine dose of 0.5 mg/L in the disinfection process eliminates 100% of total microbes. Keywords: Coagulation-flocculation- Optimization- Water treatment Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wahyunanto Nugroho)

124	Waste and environmental management	ABS-125
Polymare-Based Filter Media in Constructed Wetland to Remove Pollutants in Domestic Wastewater Kiki Gustinasari1, Nidaan Khofiya1, Aditia Putra Wardani1, Tia Dwi Irawandani1, Mujaroh Khotimah1, Fajri Anugroho1, Ahmad Adi Sulianto1, Alexander Tunggul Sutan Haji1 Environmental Engineering Program Study, Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Malang City 65145, Indonesia Abstract Triclosan is one type of emerging contaminant that pollutes water bodies due to the use of personal care products (PCP). Constructed wetland (CW) is one technology that can remove emerging contaminants and nutrients from domestic housing activities. Up to now, the filter media used in CW are gravel, sand, and soil. This study investigated the effect of using a polymer as a filter media in CW on the removal efficiency of triclosan, ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and bioelectricity production. The variations of media used were polymer media, gravel, and a combination of polymer and gravel. The plants used in CW reactor is Typha angustifolia. Experiments were performed in 10 CW reactors with domestic synthetic wastewater nutrients. The reactor runs with a batch system with a detention time of 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. Our results show that mixed polymer and gravel media could provide maximum efficiency in removing triclosan, ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, and COD. Keywords: Emerging Contaminants- Triclosan- Constructed Wetland- Polymer- Domestic Wastewater Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kiki Gustinasari)

125	Waste and environmental management	ABS-132
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHING MATERIALS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF WATERMELON (Citrulus lanatus) var. SUGAR BABY Mr. Dave Angelo Baro and Dr. Archie B. Lauderes* College of Agriculture and Technology, Northwest Samar State University, Calbayog City, Samar, Philippines daveangelobaro[at]gmail.com and archie.lauderes[at]nwssu.edu.ph Abstract The field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different mulching materials on the growth and yield of the watermelon (citrullus lanatus) sugar baby variety. The general objectives of this study were to determine the effect of different mulching materials on the growth and yield of watermelon (Citrulus Lanatus) var. Sugar baby. Objectives: (1) to determine the growth and yield response of watermelon applied with different mulching materials- and (2) to determine the coast and return of growing watermelon under the different mulching material application. The experiment was laid out RCBD with three replications and four treatments, including the control. The treatment was organic mulch, such as rice straw for T1, T2 rice hull, and T3 sawdust. Among all the treatments, different mulching materials had the most significant effect on the growth and yield of the watermelon. In terms of growth parameters, the T1 rice straw had the most significant effect on all parameters such as the highest fruit yield, 27.52 tons/ha, followed by T2 rice hull, recorded at 22.28 tons/ha. T3 harvested 18.42 tons/ha, T0 was 16.55 tons/ha. Keywords: mulching- organic- rice straw- sawdust- watermelon Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Archie Baclayon Lauderes)

126	Waste and environmental management	ABS-133
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus) Lorie May C. Zamora and Archie B. Lauderes* College of Agriculture and Technology, Northwest Samar State University, Calbayog City, Samar, Philippines zhamoramay[at]gmail.com, archie.lauderes[at]nwssu.edu.ph* Abstract The experiment was conducted to determine the growth and yield of oyster mushroom using different substrates and analyzed its cost and return Experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using the treatments- rice straw (T1) as control, rice hull (T2), coconut husk (T3) and dried banana leaves (T4) each of 500g and was replicated three times. Results revealed that T1- rice straw, T3- coconut husk and T4- dried banana leaves had the fastest mycelial growth after inoculation. It was also found out that lowest days of full spawn run to fruiting (8) was exhibited by dried banana leaves. Highest stipe length and yield was gathered on rice straw. Dried banana leaves and rice straw both have the highest stipe length, pileus diameter, number of fruits and number of flushing together with rice hull. Results showed that in the economic return, rice straw (187.75%) showed the most promising result followed by dried banana leaves (66.33%). It is therefore concluded that it is best to grow oyster mushroom on rice straw and its best alternative substrate would be dried banana leaves. Keywords: oyster mushroom- rice straw- dried banana leaves- substrates- ROI Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Archie Baclayon Lauderes)

127	Waste and environmental management	ABS-136
Enhancing Batik Wastewater Treatment: The Impact of Sputtering Power on Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nano Thin Films Endrika Widyastuti1*, Ariella Melody Danny1, Dela Ayu Putriajati1, Yusron Sugiarto2, Tunjung Mahatmanto1, Ying-Chieh Lee3 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang Indonesia 2Departement of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Faculty of Agroindustrial Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang Indonesia 3Institute of Precision Electronic Component, College of Semiconductor & Advanced Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan *email Corresponding author: endrika_w[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The disposal of untreated wastewater from the batik industry can lead to significant environmental pollution. An effective alternative for wastewater treatment is photodegradation, which utilizes photon energy and a ZnO nano-thin film as a photocatalyst. In this study, ZnO nano-thin films were synthesized using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), followed by thermal oxidation at 400oC with varying sputtering powers (500, 900, and 1500 W) to observe their photocatalytic activities. This research aims to determine the degradation efficiency and characterize the treated effluent using ZnO nano-thin films. The results showed that photodegradation using a ZnO nano-thin film at 500 W with 20 mM H&#8322-O&#8322- at pH 7 achieved a degradation percentage of 83.98% after 300 minutes of UVA irradiation. Furthermore, the ZnO nano-thin film reduced color by 99.9%, COD by 84.68%, BOD by 87.14%, TSS by 94.66%, Cr metal content by 99.9%, turbidity by 99.05%, total coliform by 100%, and the pH of the batik wastewater to 6.9 after photodegradation. However, ZnO nano-thin films synthesized at higher sputtering powers (900 and 1500 W) with whisker formation resulted in a reduced degradation percentage of 28.91%. Thus, photodegradation using a ZnO nano-thin film at 500 W demonstrates considerable potential as a sustainable method for treating batik wastewater and mitigating environmental pollution. Keywords: Batik Wastewater- Photodegradation- High-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Endrika Widyastuti)

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