Mundu Leaves (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.)Kurz: Antioxidant and Inhibitory Activity of The Tyrosinase Enzyme 1 Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati, 2 Rini Prastiwi, 2 Banna Agistananda, 2 Dian Nivari, 2 Hanifah Wafa Azmi, 2 Ema Dewanti, 3 Hadi Sunaryo, 2 Yulia Triyani, 4 Muhamad Sharul Nizam Awang
1Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta, 13220, INDONESIA-
2Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof.Dr. HAMKA, Jakarta 1340, INDONESIA
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof.Dr. HAMKA, Jakarta 1340, INDONESIA
4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur
Abstract
Introduction: Indigenous to Indonesia, Mundu (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz.) is a local plant known for its robust antioxidant properties and ability to inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme. Objective: This study assesses the total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of Mundu leaf extracts and their fractions. Methods: Mundu leaves underwent maceration using 70 percent ethanol for extraction, followed by fractionation with n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The resulting ethanol extract and fractions were then analyzed for antioxidant activity using the FRAP and DPPH methods, tyrosinase enzyme inhibition, and total phenol and flavonoid levels. Results: Fraction 2 exhibited the highest total phenol content at 831.3469 mg GAE/g, and fraction two also showed the highest flavonoid content at 82.4147 mg QE/g. The most potent antioxidant activity was observed in fraction 2, recording 2192.3162 mol/g with the FRAP method and an IC50 value of 11.8205 with the DPPH method. Additionally, fraction 2 demonstrated significant tyrosinase enzyme inhibition, with an IC50 value of 64.6316, indicating its superior activity compared to other extracts and fractions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Mundu leaves have potent antioxidant activity and effective tyrosinase enzyme inhibition.
