Study on the Potential of Basil Leaf Extract (Ocimum basilicum L) as an Antioxidant Agent Using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method Nur Ida Panca Nugrahini1*, Haya Nurhidayah2, Sudarma Dita Wijayanti3, Fenty Nurtyastuti Eka Pertiwi4
1, 2, 3, 4, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
*idaterbaru[at]ub.ac.id
Abstract
Basil is a plant widely utilized in the pharmaceutical field due to its bioactive compounds. These compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, give basil its potential as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor agent. Extraction is used to obtain bioactive compounds from basil, and this study employs Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). This technique utilizes ultrasonic waves and is considered more efficient and effective than other methods because it requires lower extraction temperatures, shorter extraction times, higher extraction rates, and simpler operation. UAE operational parameters such as solvent type, extraction time, extraction temperature, sample to solvent ratio, particle size, and ultrasonic power can affect extraction outcomes. Several studies have determined optimal parameters for phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in basil extracts using UAE. However, the effects of extraction time and sample to solvent ratio on antioxidant activity have not been studied. This research aims to determine the extraction time and sample to solvent ratio that yield the best antioxidant activity characteristics using UAE. The research method used is a completely randomized design with two factors, including variations in extraction time (3, 5, and 10 minutes) and sample to solvent ratios (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15). Results show that a 5 minute extraction time with a 1:10 sample to solvent ratio yields the highest total phenol and flavonoid content, at 174.67 mg GAE/g and 68.56 mg QE/g, respectively. The best IC50 value of 213.33 mg/ml was achieved with a 5 minute extraction time and a 1:15 ratio.
