Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Wanga Village, Lore Peore Subdistrict, Poso District in 2023 Gunawan1,2*, Wisnu Nurcahyo3, Joko Prastowo3, Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara1, Anis Nur Widayati1,4, Hayani Anastasia1, Samarang1, Made Agus Nurjana1, Muhammad Yusuf5, Siti Soidah5, Fauzian Giansyah Rohmatulloh5, Sunardi6, Yuyun Srikandi7, Opyn Mananta8, Abdul Rauf9
1Research Centre of Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, West Jawa, Indonesia
2Doctoral Program Student of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
3Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
4Doctoral Program Student of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
5Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
6Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
7Donggala Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Donggala, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
8Poso District Health Office, Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
9Central Sulawesi Provincial Health Office, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Gunawan (r.gunawand[at]gmail.com)
Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected parasitic tissue diseases. In Indonesia, schistosomiasis is caused by the Schistosoma japonicum parasite, with the intermediate snail host being Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis. This disease can only be found in three regions: Lindu Highlands, Napu Highlands, and Bada in Central Sulawesi. Schistosomiasis is endemic in 28 villages spread across Poso Regency and Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. It remains a health concern in Indonesia, particularly in Central Sulawesi. Wanga Village is one of the endemic areas located in the Lore Peore Subdistrict, Poso District.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of endemicity (prevalence) of Schistosomiasis among the residents of Wanga Village, Lore Peore Subdistrict, Poso District, by detecting Schistosoma japonicum worm eggs in their stool samples.
Methods: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. The total sample for this study was 226.
Results: The result showed that a total of 226 samples of stool were submitted to the laboratories Schistosomiasis in the study. The individual of the age group 0-2 years was 2 (1%), 3-12 years was 45 (20%), 13-19 years was 20 (9%), 20-29 years was 20 (9%), 30-39 was 38 (17%), 40-49 years was 46 (20%), 50-59 years was 31 (14%), 60-69 years was 16 (7%) and 70-79 years was 8 (4%). Among the individulas, 115 (51%) was male and 111 (49%) was male. Out of these 19 (8,4%) were infected with S. japonicum. There were 18 individuals with an average egg count of 3-97 eggs/gram categorized as light intensity infection, and 1 individual with an egg count of 645 eggs/gram categorized as heavy intensity infection.
Conclusion: The study reveals a significant increase in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Wanga Village, Lore Peore Subdistrict, Poso District, from 1.32% in 2022 to 8.4% in 2023. This increase is a cause for concern and indicates the need for immediate intervention, including mass treatment and community awareness campaigns. The prevalence of schistosomiasis is higher among individuals engaged in high-risk occupations, particularly farmers. This suggests that occupational exposure plays a significant role in transmission.
Keywords: Schistosomiasis, S. japonicum, prevalence, Wanga
