The Relationship Between Depression, Insomnia Level and Quality of Life among Older Adults Community-Dwelling in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia Bahtiar Bahtiar (a*), Dwi Nopriyanto (a), Iskandar Muda (a)
(a)Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Jl. Anggur No.88, Sidodadi, Kec. Samarinda Ulu, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur 75123
*bahtiar[at]unmul.ac.id
Abstract
Background: The older adults experience various changes due to the aging process. Depression and insomnia are problems often experienced by the older adults that have an impact on the quality of life. Objective: This study aims to look at the relationship between the level of depression and insomnia with the quality of life (QoL)of the older adults. Method: This study uses the quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional study approach. The research instrument used the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form to assess the level of depression, the level of insomnia using the insomnia rating scale, and the QoL using the WHO-Qol Bref. The study used the Spearman Correlation Test to measure the relationship between levels of depression and insomnia and the quality of life of the elderly. Multiple linear regression is used to analyze the regression hierarchy between demographic characteristics, depression and insomnia levels, and quality of life specified in four domains (physical, psychological, social, and environmental). Results: The study was conducted on 215 older adults community-dwelling. The results showed age and gender were not associated with QoL in the physical, psychological, social, or environmental domains. The depression is not related to QoL the physical, psychological, social, or environmental domains. Insomnia was positively associated with QoL in the physical domain (r = 0.138, p = 0.04) and psychological domain (r = 0.140, p = 0.03), but insomnia was not associated with the QoL social domain (r = 0.120, p = 0.06) or environmental domain (r = 0.05, p = 0.38). Furthermore, the results of the regression hierarchy analysis found that sex and insomnia can significantly predict the QoL in the physical domain (p = 0.02). The most dominant variable affecting the quality of life in the physical domain was the level of insomnia (β-= 0.17). Conclusion: Depression rates did not correlate significantly with all four domains of quality of life. However, insomnia rates correlate with aspects of quality of life in the physical and psychological domains. Insomnia is the dominant variable affecting the quality of life in the physical domain. Therefore, there is a need for nursing intervention in dealing with sleep problems in the older adults so that their quality of life increases.
Keywords: Depression- Insomnia- Quality of Life- Older Adult- Community-dwelling
