Prediction of the potential kaempferol from Moringa oleifera leaves as antidiabetic on Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) target protein by in silico study
Lulus Mualimin1, Jaya Mahar Maligan2, Mentari Sekar Arum3, Mochamad Nurcholis2*

1Food Industry Technology Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology, Jember State Polytechnic, Jember, Indonesia
2Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
3Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Jember University, Jember, Indonesia

*email: cholis_federer[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. IGF-1R plays a crucial role in regulating insulin sensitivity. This study investigated the potential of kaempferol from Moringa oleifera leaves to activate IGF-1R and improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. IGF-1R shares structural similarities with the insulin receptor (IR), and these two receptors can form heterodimers that modulate insulin signaling. In type 2 diabetes, when IR function is impaired, IGF-1R activation could be an alternative pathway to help replace some of the lost insulin function. Phytochemical components in Moringa oleifera leaves, especially kaempferol, are thought to have great potential in increasing IGF-1R protein activation in type 2 diabetes patients. Predicting the effectiveness of kaempferol in Moringa leaves is very necessary via in silico interaction studies. The method used in this test is molecular docking by analyzing molecular interactions and physicochemical properties compared to its natural ligand. The molecular docking analysis resulted in the binding affinity value between IGF-1R protein and the ligand showing that kaempferol has potential as an antidiabetic. In silico molecular docking analysis revealed a strong binding affinity between kaempferol and IGF-1R (-8.1 kcal/mol), comparable to the natural ligand. Drug similarity analysis indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties. The results of drug similarity analysis showed bioavailability score 0.55, solubility 4.29e-02 mg/ml, log Kp (skin permeation) -6.70 cm/s, LD50: 3919mg/kg and toxicity class to level 5. These findings suggest that kaempferol may have potential as a novel antidiabetic agent. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and safety.

Keywords: Antidiabetics, IGF-1R, In silico, Kaempferol, Moringa oleifera leaves

Topic: Food science and biotechnology