(a) Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*rinidwi_w[at]ub.ac.id
Abstract
Soybean meal is a major protein source in animal feed, its production is associated with concerns about environmental issues, economic volatility, and ethical implications. This study looks at alternative protein sources to replace or reduce soybean meal in animal diets while maintaining or improving animal performance and general feed efficiency. The study aims to contribute to the development of more sustainable and resilient livestock production systems by identifying suitable substitutes. Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) offer potential as soybean substitutes as animal feed. These legumes possess comparable protein content, amino acid profiles, and other essential nutrients making them viable alternatives. Velvet beans excel in tropical climates and have high protein content, but careful processing is needed due to anti-nutritional factors. Jack bean is another protein powerhouse with potential for livestock feed, though its toxicity requires proper handling. Pigeon pea is a versatile legume with good protein quality and adaptability to various conditions. Hyacinth bean, while less commonly studied, shows promise as a forage and protein source. Further research is necessary to optimize the use of these legumes in animal diets and address any processing or antinutritional concerns.
Keywords: soybean alternatives, animal nutrition, sustainability, protein sources, legumes
