Towards a Unified Framework for Smart City Definitions and Measurement Indicators Riana Garniati Rahayu, Ibrahim Kholilul Rohman, Nuno Vasco Lopes
Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Institut Teknologi Indonesia
Sekolah Kajian Stratejik dan Global, Universitas Indonesia- Indonesia Financial Group
Department of Information Systems, School of Engineering, University of Minho
Abstract
Smart cities aim to leverage intelligent urban systems for the socio-economic and ecological development of urban areas, enhancing the quality of life for citizens and addressing social instability issues. However, there exists a multitude of definitions for smart cities, leading to confusion, especially for developing countries. Some definitions emphasize the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in promoting prosperity and influence, while others focus on the integration of ICT with traditional infrastructures through participatory governance.
This paper seeks to establish a unified framework for smart city definitions and measurement indicators to overcome the challenges posed by the varying definitions. The authors analyze existing definitions, including those portraying smart cities as IT-based innovative urban ecosystems or as user-centered evolutions of other city-concepts. They highlight the importance of a city^s smart ability to tackle its problems and enhance citizens^ living environments through the intelligent accumulation and analysis of diverse data.
One significant challenge is the lack of a universally applicable smart city index that strikes a balance between specificity and broadness. While some smart city indices cater to particular countries^ contexts, they might not be suitable for global application. To address this issue, the paper advocates the development of improved benchmark indicators that demonstrate both universality and smartness in the present conditions of cities.
By offering a comprehensive analysis of smart city definitions and indicators, this study aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, city planners, and stakeholders in navigating the complexities of smart city development. A unified framework can aid in steering smart city initiatives toward sustainable economic growth, improved quality of life, and efficient use of natural resources, while addressing the unique challenges faced by cities in the developing world.
The concept of smart cities has gained momentum as urban centers seek to leverage intelligent urban systems for socio-economic and ecological development, aiming to enhance the quality of life for citizens and address the root causes of social instability. However, there exists a diversity of definitions for smart cities, which can lead to confusion, particularly for developing countries.
Various perspectives define smart cities as those that capitalize on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) opportunities to foster prosperity and influence. Such cities invest in human and social capital, as well as modern communication infrastructure, to drive sustainable economic growth and ensure a high quality of life while managing natural resources wisely through participatory governance. Moreover, smart cities merge ICT with traditional infrastructures, integrating them using innovative digital technologies.
As the definitions range from IT-based urban ecosystems to user-centered, technology-driven concepts, the challenge of developing countries in comprehending and implementing the smart city model becomes apparent. Many smart city indices in existence are either too specific for particular countries, such as Singapore, Dubai, and Beijing indices, or overly broad.
This paper highlights the necessity of establishing a benchmark indicator that encompasses both universality and smartness, reflecting the current condition of cities. The development of a comprehensive and balanced smart city index is essential to facilitate a more effective and practical approach to smart city development worldwide.
Keywords: developing countries, ict, smart city, urban planning
